tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19535381730177543922024-03-17T20:02:42.488-07:00Patents on the soles of your shoes...Beginning at NYU in Jan 2013 within the context of a Patents Translation course delivered online, this blog seeks to uncover the patents that rock our daily lives....Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.comBlogger1064125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-8405285986121162662024-02-29T19:04:00.000-08:002024-03-03T06:29:36.801-08:00 Terminology – Leap year 2024 (année bissextile 2024)<p><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px;"><b>Copyright ©Françoise Herrmann</b></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Curious about “leaping”? Here is the scoop.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">It takes a bit more than 365 days for the Earth to revolve around the sun. To be precise, it takes 355 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 56 seconds or 365.242190 days for the Earth to complete its revolution around the sun. The extra time it takes for the Earth to revolve around the sun amounts to about one-quarter of a day (i.e., about 6 hours) each year, or about one day (i.e., about 24 hours), about every four years. Thus, to re-align (or sync) the calendar year of 365 days, with the real time it takes for the earth to revolve around the sun, one day is added every 4 years, at the end of February, the shortest month of the year.</div></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">However, this neat leap year adjustment to the 365-day calendar year, every four years, would still create a calendar year that would eventually become out of sync with the time it takes to revolve around the sun, considering that everything after the decimal point in 365.242190 days does not amount to exactly 6 hours, multiplied by 4. Thus, intercalary (leap) days are added every four years, <i>except</i> those years that are multiples of 100 (i.e., centuries), but not multiples of 400. Thus, for example, the year 2000 was a leap year, but the year 2100 will not be a leap year, for the same reason that the years 1900, 1800 and 1700 were not leap years.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">As a result, the term “leap year” really means “sync year”. The French term <i>bissextile</i> (which also exists in English as an archaic term) is derived from the Latin terms <i>(bis)sextus</i>, meaning “twice sixth”. Thus, February 29th is <i>twice sixth day of the month of February</i> because the extra day that is added at the end of February is <i>the second sixth day before </i><i>March 1rst (calend martius),</i> using the ancient Roman way of designating days, relative to the ones that effectively had a name. In the Roman case, just the c<i>alends</i> (first days of the month) or new moon days, and <i>ides</i> (the middle of the month) or full moon days, had names. For example, the <i>nones</i> were the ninth days before the <i>ides</i> of every month, using the same dating system. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/review/leap-year/1day-1year.en.gif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="500" height="333" src="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/review/leap-year/1day-1year.en.gif" width="333" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i style="color: #030591; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10px; text-align: left;">Revolution and rotation of planet Earth<br />Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech</i></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">References<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b></p><p class="p4" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Merriam Webster – Bissextile.</span></p><p class="p5" style="color: #467886; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s2" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/wordplay/bissextile-#:~:text=The%20extra%20day%20fell%20on,to%20refer%20to%20leap%20day">https://www.merriam-webster.com/wordplay/bissextile-#:~:text=The%20extra%20day%20fell%20on,to%20refer%20to%20leap%20day</a></span><span class="s3" style="color: black;">.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">NASA Spaceplace–What is a leap year?</span></p><p class="p6" style="color: #467886; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s2" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/leap-year/en/">https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/leap-year/en/</a></span><span class="s3" style="color: black;"> </span></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Gif file – revolution and rotation of the Earth (<span class="s4" style="color: #030591; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><i>NASA/JPL-Caltech)</i></span></span></p><p class="p6" style="color: #467886; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s2" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="%22">https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/review/leap-year/1day-1year.en.gif</a></span><span class="s3" style="color: black;"> </span></span></p>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-25421864834769416472024-01-30T13:16:00.000-08:002024-02-21T08:56:24.379-08:00Lori Silverman - Crystal Sole® pumps (3)<p><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px;"><b>Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</b></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The US design patent,<b> <a href="https://ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/D753378">USD753378S1</a></b>, titled <b>Shoe with decorative sole</b> is another US design patent awarded to Lori Silverman for her Crystal Sole® pumps. The patent was granted on April 12, 2016, to Lori Silverman and assigned to her company <a href="http://lsilandco.com">LSIL & Co Inc</a>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>As a reminder US design patents cover the ornamental aspects of an invention or the way it <i>looks</i>. In contrast, US utility patents cover the way an invention <i>works</i> and/or is manufactured.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Below the patent <b>Figure 1</b> extracted from the US design patent, <b><a href="https://ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/D753378">USD753378S1</a></b>, shows a bottom perspective view of a shoe with the invention decorative sole in an argyle rhinestone pattern. An image of a marketed pump model with a black patent leather upper, an argyle patterned sole, and argyle piping, is also included below.</div></span><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNNvl_nH6gUjCrJ9XA61Ox5AKfofTtOZUGGZUMdYnoaaKBArL7UBnDEcqTT0TMuyI-dvZB2jRPgYj1aNa9GPSHnroHZ1J3rTuZ1wilpoPjObhkihLqAGh3DAsNn0LedmgKazes6qR2YVl_vBqx4xtNQ-LUvLvsWRQRZUz9NA8bXZo6VESvACzb_9YoWLc/s2434/Lori%20silverman%20-%20Figs%201%20%20(diamonds)%20USD0753378.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2434" data-original-width="1838" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNNvl_nH6gUjCrJ9XA61Ox5AKfofTtOZUGGZUMdYnoaaKBArL7UBnDEcqTT0TMuyI-dvZB2jRPgYj1aNa9GPSHnroHZ1J3rTuZ1wilpoPjObhkihLqAGh3DAsNn0LedmgKazes6qR2YVl_vBqx4xtNQ-LUvLvsWRQRZUz9NA8bXZo6VESvACzb_9YoWLc/s320/Lori%20silverman%20-%20Figs%201%20%20(diamonds)%20USD0753378.jpg" width="242" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivWSXSdby3IrQ0BKdv_-HFSNbnBLnqlOzXOIwjUQi5TObNKbjVqiCun_CZ1DRlqF9acKE4NZ6Z-17wA340o35LnCGYnGKaQs46QvpQDMjuEUmdAo4KmMh5EkJILbZC7Uj58t1oP-oQlU0LzrBfE7lP8q8igSrfNtbkGSsNhgljsprYACQxxJL0e3SfV4Y/s1148/Lori%20silverman%20-%20Image%20(Argyle%20sole)%20pump).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1148" data-original-width="714" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivWSXSdby3IrQ0BKdv_-HFSNbnBLnqlOzXOIwjUQi5TObNKbjVqiCun_CZ1DRlqF9acKE4NZ6Z-17wA340o35LnCGYnGKaQs46QvpQDMjuEUmdAo4KmMh5EkJILbZC7Uj58t1oP-oQlU0LzrBfE7lP8q8igSrfNtbkGSsNhgljsprYACQxxJL0e3SfV4Y/w249-h400/Lori%20silverman%20-%20Image%20(Argyle%20sole)%20pump).jpg" width="249" /></a></div><p></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>Reference</b></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">LSIL & Co Inc.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #0563c1; font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="http://www.lsilandco.com/%22%20%5Ct%20%22_blank">lsilandco.com</a></span></p>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-43112259084107199182024-01-28T13:14:00.000-08:002024-02-20T17:02:01.084-08:00Lori Silverman - Crystal Sole® pump (2)<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</b></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The US design patent <b><a href="https://ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/D740006">USD740006S1</a></b>, titled <b>Shoe with decorative sole</b> is one of twelve US design patents awarded to Lori Silverman for her Crystal Sole® pumps. This patent was granted on Oct. 6, 2015 to Lori Silverman, and assigned to her company <a href="http://lsilandco.com">LSIL & Co Inc</a>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>As a reminder, US design patents cover the ornamental aspects of an invention, or the way the invention <i>looks</i>. In contrast, US utility patents cover the way an invention <i>works,</i> and/or how the invention is <i>manufactured</i>.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Below, the patent <b>Figure 1,</b> extracted from the US design patent, <b><a href="https://ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/D740006">USD740006S1</a></b>, depicts a bottom perspective view of a shoe with the invention decorative sole in a camouflage, rhinestone pattern.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>An image of a marketed, pointy-toe, pump model with nude suede upper, and more than 3000 crystals adorning the camo-patterned sole, is also included below.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"><br /></span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjndHXeEYxSgYLClxCPgKTxqVAafXHr9W1OHjxv1byTJEJjimn2QGhGr1bZwzH_hokhf9Qv0DyiiaeIoG7d1HIeDMx_aJwLaYYQJI1n_mcTzK64cvPS6YWDFvMD4bC-PY97uVVvAtjNAKSQZ_rpnPINey9GSN-XuJgachuiH4zYG9zE6QmSmZo8xJuKxpc/s2531/Lori%20silverman%20-%20Figs%201%20%20(Camo)%20USD0740006.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2531" data-original-width="1975" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjndHXeEYxSgYLClxCPgKTxqVAafXHr9W1OHjxv1byTJEJjimn2QGhGr1bZwzH_hokhf9Qv0DyiiaeIoG7d1HIeDMx_aJwLaYYQJI1n_mcTzK64cvPS6YWDFvMD4bC-PY97uVVvAtjNAKSQZ_rpnPINey9GSN-XuJgachuiH4zYG9zE6QmSmZo8xJuKxpc/w250-h320/Lori%20silverman%20-%20Figs%201%20%20(Camo)%20USD0740006.jpg" width="250" /></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguZUsIvG_EpcaTd6jy9iPc2T_MCWeszIX44-UMcMqSAkK9Ay5kJebfTCypT_gfsl80K3gJ-iQgrDKIyUblAG4MUMEapdRdEzYy4slbXNyNAq7nI4Mw53NfmtdK3q14S440QUGPXFy_Jwi97ucP5FqtScJGGiMbUf6JdmYtT4UK6YmUZ4F7qa0oty8jVHY/s1154/Lori%20silverman%20-%20Image%20(Camo%20with%20rhnestones.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1154" data-original-width="902" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguZUsIvG_EpcaTd6jy9iPc2T_MCWeszIX44-UMcMqSAkK9Ay5kJebfTCypT_gfsl80K3gJ-iQgrDKIyUblAG4MUMEapdRdEzYy4slbXNyNAq7nI4Mw53NfmtdK3q14S440QUGPXFy_Jwi97ucP5FqtScJGGiMbUf6JdmYtT4UK6YmUZ4F7qa0oty8jVHY/w313-h400/Lori%20silverman%20-%20Image%20(Camo%20with%20rhnestones.jpg" width="313" /></a></div></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Reference</span></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">LSIL & Co inc.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="http://www.lsilandco.com/%22%20%5Ct%20%22_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;">lsilandco.com</span></a></span></p>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-3677002000805513002024-01-24T10:40:00.000-08:002024-02-05T13:14:37.792-08:00Lori Silverman - Crystal Sole® pumps (1)<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><b> Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</b></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Lori Silverman’s <a href="https://www.lorisilvermanshoes.com/">Crystal Sole</a><span class="s1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">®</span> invention consists in a process of decorating shoe soles, in a way that makes the design impervious to the rigors of walking on asphalt and other surfaces. The result is a shoe with signature decorated soles. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.lorisilvermanshoes.com/">Crystal Sole</a><span class="s1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">®</span> shoes are patented. Patented not only with dozens of US design patents for each of the distinctive ways the decorated soles <i>look</i>, but also with a core US utility patent. A US utility patent covering the manufacture of the Silverman </span><span style="font-family: arial;">shoes with distinctively decorated soles. Indeed, the <a href="https://www.lorisilvermanshoes.com/">Crystal Sole</a>® invention was originally recited in the US utility patent application, </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><a href="https://ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20160007678" style="font-weight: bold;">US20160007678A1</a>, titled <b>Shoe with wrapped sole and transparent pod</b>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The invention recites a method of making a shoe with a decorated sole, comprising decorative fabric that is bonded on a blank sole, and covered with a transparent plastic pad. The extracted patent <b>Figure 1</b> below shows a side perspective view of the shoe made according to an embodiment of the invention. </span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Specifically, the patent </span><b style="font-family: arial;">Figure 1</b><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;">depicts the invention shoe</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><b style="font-family: arial;">10</b><span style="font-family: arial;">, an upper</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><b style="font-family: arial;">12</b><span style="font-family: arial;">, a</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;">sole</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><b style="font-family: arial;">14</b><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;">to heel</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><b style="font-family: arial;">16</b><span style="font-family: arial;">, a decorative element</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><b style="font-family: arial;">18</b><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;">on at least a portion of the sole</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><b style="font-family: arial;">14</b><span style="font-family: arial;">, and a protective pad</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><b style="font-family: arial;">20</b><span style="font-family: arial;">, covering at least a portion of the sole</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><b style="font-family: arial;">14</b><span style="font-family: arial;">.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Oaxm-9JL69HYNdATCOEoxlFcr_eVss9tJrlE_qBwA9L8R4jixe8kT01qo79yzFDVz_uvyt7jgTDFwFGuy_T01xJ6UH7ql23_TvV-RF3xcBKlqJ-AiHVTE0ndo0dDtS663KAEF9vA6RCZW1Rbav8Y4Buy6ek8gtSq1QGcHJLXHMKD0FXRTRFYWqFEuJM/s1016/Lori%20Siverman%20-%20Fig.%201.1%20US20160007678A1%20--%20Utility%20patent..jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="670" data-original-width="1016" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Oaxm-9JL69HYNdATCOEoxlFcr_eVss9tJrlE_qBwA9L8R4jixe8kT01qo79yzFDVz_uvyt7jgTDFwFGuy_T01xJ6UH7ql23_TvV-RF3xcBKlqJ-AiHVTE0ndo0dDtS663KAEF9vA6RCZW1Rbav8Y4Buy6ek8gtSq1QGcHJLXHMKD0FXRTRFYWqFEuJM/w423-h279/Lori%20Siverman%20-%20Fig.%201.1%20US20160007678A1%20--%20Utility%20patent..jpg" width="423" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinmliSvVcdScxwCd0N1yo9nr8-4DoqJAq1Hr3ZnK4xxIxAVSmoSOSg6ECSrNtH-_vRjBfTcsleCYhkreXd-_JhyAo7W5Af9fx20KdSo8aft0Z3_ZoKA7gzrxRzsGoezT3SzYaDRw6EJJlr21HW3mXmiSufo8jdryoVuFRVoZJFvIoHelPV3iIltHmjBRs/s320/Lori%20Silverman%20-%20Shoe.jpg" style="font-family: Times; font-size: medium;" /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="text-align: left;"><p class="p1" style="font-family: Times; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The depicted shoe <b>10</b> is a woman’s pump, but the scope of the invention extends to other types of shoes for both men and women. Shoe types for women comprise, for example, boots, booties, flats, or ballet slippers. Shoes for men comprise both loafer types and boots. </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Times; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The decorative element <b>18</b> is a piece of fabric <b>22</b> with a separately<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>patented decorative design. Decorative designs for men’s shoes comprise, for example, checkerboard, camouflage, or sport’s team logo. Decorative designs for women shoes comprise, for example, checkerboard, zebra pattern, stripes, polka dots, plaid, argyle, leopard spots, tiger stripes, plus many more.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Times; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The protective pad <b>20</b> covers just the portion of the shoe contacting the floor when the shoe is high heel. When the shoe is a flat, the pad covers the entire sole, up to, or including the heel portion. The protective pad <b>20</b> is made of any polymer such as silicone or PVC. The pad <b>20</b> also includes holes <b>24</b> for stitching to the sole.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Times; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The patent further describes the methods of cutting, bonding, and putting together the</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> invention shoe <b>10, </b>comprising</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> the fabric </span><b style="font-family: arial;">22</b><span style="font-family: arial;">, the blank sole </span><b style="font-family: arial;">14</b><span style="font-family: arial;">, the protective pad </span><b style="font-family: arial;">20,</b><span style="font-family: arial;"> and the upper </span><b style="font-family: arial;">12</b><span style="font-family: arial;">. The patent also describes the extra steps required to include crystals as decorative elements beneath the protective shoe pads <b>20</b>, directly on the shoe soles <b>14</b>.</span></p></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="text-align: left;">The patent Abstract is included below. A marketed women’s pump embodiment of the invention appears below the patent <b>Figure 1</b>. </span></span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><blockquote style="background-color: white; color: #333333; text-align: justify;">The invention provides a method for making a shoe having a decorated sole, which comprises: providing a sole blank for a desired shoe; providing a fabric having desired decoration, design, or insignia on a bottom side thereof cutting the fabric to a size which will cover the sole and wrap on a portion of an inside edge of the sole; adhering the fabric to the sole blank with bonding agent or adhesive and wrapping the fabric around the edge of the sole; adhering the fabric to the upper edge of the sole blank; affixing a clear plastic pad to at least a portion of the sole to protect against wear of the fabric by floor or street surfaces; and adhering the sole to a shoe upper to form a complete shoe. The invention further provides shoes having decorative soles made in accordance with the foregoing method. [Abstract <b style="background-color: transparent;"><a href="https://ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20160007678">US20160007678A1</a>]</b></blockquote></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b>References<br /></b>Lori Silverman Shoes (website)</div></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.lorisilvermanshoes.com/"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://www.lorisilvermanshoes.com/</span></a></div><p></p>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-46687626462091243472024-01-22T00:25:00.000-08:002024-02-05T13:12:16.583-08:00CES 2024 - Invoxia Minitailz Pet tracker<p><b style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;">Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</span></b></p><p class="p1" style="color: #444444; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><p class="p1" style="color: #444444; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://invoxia.com/en-US">Invoxia</a> unveiled the Minitailz pet tracker at the largest <i><a href="https://www.ces.tech/">Computer Electronics Show</a></i> (CES) in the USA, meeting in Las Vegas, Jan 9-12, 2024, since 1995. The Minitailz pet tracker<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>not only informs you of your pet’s whereabouts, using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, the Minitailz is also a biometrics pet tracker that supplies information 24/7 about your pet’s health. Health information such as respiratory and heart rates, movement, sleep and barking. Indeed, it is the first combination GPS-Health tracker for dogs, and soon for cats also.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><p class="p1" style="color: #444444; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Minitailz tracker is sold together with a collar, or separately for easy attachment to an existing collar. The Minitailz tracker comes with a monthly (8$) subscription-based app for monitoring and interpreting all the collected data.</span></p><p class="p2" style="color: #444444; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c2c2c; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s1" style="color: #444444;">The Minitailz pet tracker is a patented invention recited in the US utility patent application, <b><a href="https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20230210091">US20230210091A1</a></b></span>, titled <b>Dog collar</b>. The patent recites a non-invasive, intelligent collar with a neural network (NN), trained to continuously monitor the physiological parameters of a dog, such as heart rate (HR) and breathing rate (BR) and to separate the BR and HR signals. The collar further comprises a movement sensor comprising an accelerometer and/or gyrometer to capture movement data, and a storage unit comprising the trained neural network.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>A memory is configured to store physiological information. The tracker also has an interface to communicate all the collected physiological information, to a remote device.</span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #2c2c2c; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c2c2c; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Below the patent<b> Figures 1</b> and <b>2</b> of the dog collar (<b>1</b>). <b>Figure 1</b> shows a band (<b>2</b>) fitted around the dog’s neck and a set of electronic parts (<b>3</b>) adapted to the band (<b>2</b>), for monitoring the physiological parameters of a dog.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The patent <b>Figure 2</b> represents a detailed view of the <b>Figure 1</b> set of electronic parts (<b>3)</b>. </span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c2c2c; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c2c2c; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The electronic parts (<b>3</b>) comprise a processing unit (<b>5</b>) and memory (<b>6</b>). The electronic parts further comprise a radar (<b>7</b>) unit with a sensor, comprising a receiving antenna, adapted to detect a signal on the dog’s skin (<b>8)</b>, preferably above the dog’s throat, in particular above the dog’s jugular and/ or carotid veins (<b>9</b>). The raw radio frequency (RF) signal (<b>10) </b>detected by the radar is measured by a single antenna. In other embodiments, three antennas might capture the RF signal, resulting in a three-dimensional signal. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">The dog collar also comprises a ballast (</span><b style="font-family: arial;">11</b><span style="font-family: arial;">) with a power source (</span><b style="font-family: arial;">4</b><span style="font-family: arial;">) for positioning the radar unit on the jugular vein. </span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c2c2c; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c2c2c; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The electronic parts also comprise a movement sensor unit (</span><b style="font-family: arial;">12</b><span style="font-family: arial;">), comprising an accelerometer and/or a gyrometer. The movement sensor (</span><b style="font-family: arial;">12</b><span style="font-family: arial;">) is designed</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;">to capture the raw movement signal (</span><b style="font-family: arial;">13</b><span style="font-family: arial;">) of the dog’s collar (</span><b style="font-family: arial;">1</b><span style="font-family: arial;">). </span><span style="font-family: arial;">The dog collar also comprises a clock (</span><b style="font-family: arial;">14</b><span style="font-family: arial;">), designed to synchronize segments of raw movement signals with raw radiofrequency (RF) signals. The neural network unit (</span><b style="font-family: arial;">16</b><span style="font-family: arial;">), comprising artificial intelligence software, is stored in its own storage unit (</span><b style="font-family: arial;">15</b><span style="font-family: arial;">). </span><span style="font-family: arial;">The dog collar also comprises an input/output unit (</span><b style="font-family: arial;">17</b><span style="font-family: arial;">), for short-range radio communication, designed to transfer stored physiological data to a remote device via BlueTooth®.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c2c2c; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"><br /></span></span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c2c2c; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrY-3rzpN1W0CYTbXn0XoWdsK5XUq8OxPP3nEoGyRqS2cWw4MerFY2eRmjPV4dKoxAKM4A-LYu64kSqNuAbhTOqaHxEz2bspCRHWYZJKTSsd9ZPCI3_wf45qvJLYjtFbwlvftkBr4bsxsKn7scpfEVbQhkig-_mTP73Ndyfv2N1Yzw4wVq5ROjGW1DWaw/s780/Invoxia%20-%20Minitailz%20pet%20tracker%20-%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="520" data-original-width="780" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrY-3rzpN1W0CYTbXn0XoWdsK5XUq8OxPP3nEoGyRqS2cWw4MerFY2eRmjPV4dKoxAKM4A-LYu64kSqNuAbhTOqaHxEz2bspCRHWYZJKTSsd9ZPCI3_wf45qvJLYjtFbwlvftkBr4bsxsKn7scpfEVbQhkig-_mTP73Ndyfv2N1Yzw4wVq5ROjGW1DWaw/w265-h176/Invoxia%20-%20Minitailz%20pet%20tracker%20-%20image.jpg" width="265" /></a></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl5MlsBuPJ2DDnqCgaU7Wo-X1vQWpelIYxGkBQ05yahHDwMKVxFKjoRNzmr98ztviWN-jAXnn7kDK1mVkRtKNvccHCNjlwuDRHBPGGqp83epW8T4jIrysnmZ1kbDrZHSN_U3tO6JArYEXjyDw8qloulIG2DD61miMoaadQfmh2co1C961drHHoJBGqDv4/s1564/Invoxia%20-%20Dog%20Collar%20Fig,.%201.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1028" data-original-width="1564" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl5MlsBuPJ2DDnqCgaU7Wo-X1vQWpelIYxGkBQ05yahHDwMKVxFKjoRNzmr98ztviWN-jAXnn7kDK1mVkRtKNvccHCNjlwuDRHBPGGqp83epW8T4jIrysnmZ1kbDrZHSN_U3tO6JArYEXjyDw8qloulIG2DD61miMoaadQfmh2co1C961drHHoJBGqDv4/w277-h182/Invoxia%20-%20Dog%20Collar%20Fig,.%201.jpg" width="277" /></a></div><p></p><p class="p4" style="color: #2c2c2c; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c2c2c; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The abstract of the invention is included below.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQeNI0JpKw4e_YnqSXLq9m1mx3hbcpHXsQjfo4EfYQOL-sUf2nHAm7RQppxaH8lRTfDM8GZBPhpz3lHRZnhdXlGbRV7oJOF1tuZ44d9CdGIZAtQPQG1TbH2W2-dhfpwYUavuYkTmpaDm2GoRvI5NRXDA-hMHFdnEDddhx0zhPBzKrFftWo2ZspyjaIK-8/s836/Invoxia%20-%20Dog%20Collar%20Fig,.%202.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="774" data-original-width="836" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQeNI0JpKw4e_YnqSXLq9m1mx3hbcpHXsQjfo4EfYQOL-sUf2nHAm7RQppxaH8lRTfDM8GZBPhpz3lHRZnhdXlGbRV7oJOF1tuZ44d9CdGIZAtQPQG1TbH2W2-dhfpwYUavuYkTmpaDm2GoRvI5NRXDA-hMHFdnEDddhx0zhPBzKrFftWo2ZspyjaIK-8/w295-h273/Invoxia%20-%20Dog%20Collar%20Fig,.%202.jpg" width="295" /></a></div><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;"><div style="color: #333333; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">An intelligent dog collar for monitoring physiological parameters of a dog, comprising:<br /></span><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- a movement sensor unit comprising an accelerometer and/or a gyrometer, wherein the movement sensor unit is configured to detect raw movement signals of the dog collar,<br /></span></span><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- a storage module storing a trained neural network, the neural network being configured to determine a physiologic information into raw movement signals detected by the movement sensor unit,<br /></span></span><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- a processing unit connected to the movement sensor unit and configured to operate the trained neural network,<br /></span></span><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- a memory configured to store the identified physiologic information,<br /></span></span><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: arial;">- an interface for transmitting to a communication device the identified physiologic information.</span></span><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></span><span class="s3" style="font-family: arial; font-kerning: none;">[Abstract</span><b style="color: #2c2c2c; font-family: arial;"> <a href="https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20230210091">US20230210091A1</a>]</b></div></span><p></p></blockquote><p class="p7" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 5px 0px 0px;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">References</span></b></p><p class="p8" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">CES 2024<span class="s4" style="color: #0563c1;"> </span></span></p><p class="p9" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s5" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/1953538173017754392/4668762646209124347"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://www.ces.tech/</span></a></span></p><p class="p8" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Invoxia</span></p><p class="p10" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s5" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://invoxia.com/en-US">https://invoxia.com/en-US</a></span><span class="s6" style="color: black; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></p>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-36722078518941050712024-01-18T15:57:00.000-08:002024-01-18T15:57:18.670-08:00Terminology - The other ADS 2023 WOTTIES and candidates.<p><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;">Copyright © Françoise Herrmann<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;">In fact, the distinguished, 134-year-old, <i><a href="https://americandialect.org/ ">American Dialect Society</a></i> (ADS) selects the <i>Word of the Year</i> (WOTY) in <u>eight</u> (no-less-interesting) additional categories. <i>Words of the year</i> (WOTTIES) selected in categories, such as the <i>Most creative WOTY</i>, the <i>Acronym/Initialism of the year</i>, the <i>Euphemism of the year</i>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>the <i>Most useful/Most likely to succeed WOTY, </i>or the <i>Digital WOTY</i>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;">Below, a copy of the list of each of the ADS <i>Word of the Year</i> (WOTY) categories, <a href="https://americandialect.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2023-Word-of-the-Year-PRESS-RELEASE.pdf">released to the press</a>. The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>categories appear with indexed category winners (marked with an asterisk), together with the category<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>candidates, including candidates in the W<i>ord of the year 2023</i> category, <i>the</i> <i>winner of ‘em all.</i> </p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;">The terms are listed with their definitions, or expansions in cases of abbreviation. The numbers appearing at the end of lines indicate the number of votes, or runoff votes, when competition was tight.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b>WARNING</b>: Some of the terms are not for the faint of heart.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><b>WORD OF THE YEAR (2023)<br /></b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>* enshittification</b>: worsening of a digital platform through reduction in quality of service <b>68/92/158</b> <br /><b> babygirl:</b> older male fictional character or celebrity seen as emotionally damaged, helpless, or vulnerable <b>10<span class="Apple-converted-space"> <br /></span></b><b> ceasefire</b>: rallying cry for those seeking a stoppage of hostilities in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict <b>29</b> <br /><b> context</b>: word invoked by presidents of Harvard, MIT, and Penn to questions at a House hearing about prohibiting speech on campus <b>45/63</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> <br /></span><b> (derogatory)</b>: parenthetical comment humorously appended after a word that might not be expected to be derogatory <b>43/73/121</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> <br /></span><b> girlie</b>: lighthearted and affectionate term of address for young women (also used in a broader more gender-inclusive way) <b>20<br /></b><b> Kenaissance</b>: renaissance in the wake of the <i>Barbie</i> movie’s depiction of Ken (also <i>Kenergy</i>, <i>Kenough</i>) <b>14<br /></b><b> let (someone) cook</b>: allow a person to do something that they are good at without interference <b>14<span class="Apple-converted-space"> <br /></span></b><b> stochastic parrot</b>: large language model that can generate plausible synthetic text without having any understanding <b>37/52</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></div><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 13px;"><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>MOST USEFUL/MOST LIKELY TO SUCCEED</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>* (derogatory)</b>: parenthetical comment humorously appended after a word that might not be expected to be derogatory <b>116</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>cunty</b>: having an audaciously exceptional appearance or displaying fierce femininity (from LGBTQ ballroom culture) <b>26</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>enshittification</b>: worsening of a digital platform through reduction in quality of service <b>37</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>era</b>: a personal period defined by a noteworthy style or behavior (esp. in <i>in my X era</i>) <b>30</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>girl/boy X</b>: way of doing something associated with a gender, as in <i>girl dinner</i>, <i>girl math</i>, <i>boy math</i> <b>55</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>mother</b>: (adj.) admirable (as a term of endearment); (v.) to perform something admirably (from LGBTQ ballroom culture) <b>16</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 13px;"><br /></p><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><b>POLITICAL WORD OF THE YEAR<span class="Apple-converted-space"> <br /></span></b><b>* 🍉 (watermelon emoji)</b>: symbol of Palestinian solidarity used on social media <b>103/143</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> <br /></span><b> context</b>: word invoked by presidents of Harvard, MIT, and Penn to questions at a House hearing about prohibiting speech on campus <b>61<span class="Apple-converted-space"> <br /></span></b><b> hot labor summer/hot union summer</b>: summer of 2023, when a number of unions went on strike <b>106/133<br /></b><b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I/P</b>: shorthand for the Israeli/Palestinian conflict <b>1</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><br /><b>DIGITAL WORD OF THE YEAR<span class="Apple-converted-space"> <br /></span></b><b>* enshittification</b>: worsening of a digital platform through reduction in quality of service <b>111</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> <br /></span><b> chat</b>: collective term of address for those participating in a streamer’s chat <b>59<br /></b><b> gamers</b>: second-person plural term of address, as on a gaming livestream <b>11</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> <br /></span><b> ice cream so good</b>: response by TikTok streamer Pinkydoll to receiving an ice cream emoji <b>11<span class="Apple-converted-space"> <br /></span></b><b> millennial pause</b>: pause by a millennial at the beginning of a recorded video, as opposed to the <i>Gen Z shake</i> (shaky video at the start of recording) <b>45</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> <br /></span><b> skibidi</b>: nonsense word popularized by the YouTube animated series Skibidi Toilet <b>46<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b></div><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><b><span class="Apple-converted-space"><br /></span></b><b>INFORMAL WORD OF THE YEAR<span class="Apple-converted-space"> <br /></span></b><b>* let (someone) cook</b>: allow a person to do something that they are good at without interference <b>90/142</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> <br /></span><b> babygirl</b>: older male fictional character or celebrity seen as emotionally damaged, helpless, or vulnerable <b>39<br /></b><b> (derogatory)</b>: parenthetical comment humorously appended after a word that might not be expected to be derogatory <b>75 /127</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> <br /></span><b> gyat, gyatt</b>: exclamation expressing surprise, excitement, or admiration (esp. on seeing someone with a large butt) <b>12<br /></b><b> rizz</b>: charm or attractiveness, now used as a combining form or blend component (<i>rizzler</i>, <i>pre-rizz-toric</i>) <b>60</b></div><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 13px; text-align: left;"><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>ACRONYM/INITIALISM OF THE YEAR </b>(ad-hoc category)<span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>* FAFO </b>(<i>fuck around and find out</i>): warning that foolish actions will result in unwanted consequences <b>177</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b> AITA </b>(<i>am I the asshole?</i>): question asked to an online audience (as on Reddit) to determine if the person is at fault in a situation <b>47</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b> IYKYK </b>(<i>if you know, you know</i>): indication that something is a reference understood by a select group <b>14</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b> LFG </b>(<i>let’s fucking go</i>): exhortation to action <b>26</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b> MOOP </b>(<i>matter out of place</i>): waste material left behind at an event (esp. Burning Man) <b>12</b></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 13px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>AI-RELATED WORD THE YEAR (ad-hoc category)<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>* stochastic parrot</b>: large language model that can generate plausible synthetic text without having any understanding <b>106/147</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>ChatGPT</b>: name for OpenAI’s chatbot, now becoming generic for generative AI systems <b>111/130</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>hallucination</b>: AI-generated response containing false information presented as factual <b>10</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>LLM </b>(<i>large language model</i>): machine-learning model trained on a vast text corpus <b>6</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>prompt engineer</b>: expert in developing text prompts for generative AI models <b>40</b></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 13px;"><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>MOST CREATIVE WORD OF THE YEAR</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>* Kenaissance</b>: renaissance in the wake of the Barbie movie’s depiction of Ken (also Kenergy, Kenough) <b>100/161</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b> assholocene</b>: the current era of human history, defined by the ubiquity of assholes <b>42</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b> delulu</b>: delusion, as in <i>delulu is the solulu</i> (delusion is the solution) <b>72/109</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b> tush push</b>: quarterback sneak for short yardage perfected by the Philadelphia Eagles (also called <i>the brotherly shove</i>) <b>64</b></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 13px;"><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>EUPHEMISM OF THE YEAR</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>* structurally restrictive housing</b>: solitary confinement (rebranded by the New York City Department of Correction) <b>101</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>artificial intelligence</b>: computerized simulation of human intelligence that is not actually intelligent <b>60</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>effective altruism</b>: movement ostensibly to benefit humanity, used as an excuse for spending other people’s money <b>57</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>free bird</b>: alternative to “empty-nester” promoted by Gwyneth Paltrow <b>17</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b> stenographer</b>: journalist seen as uncritically reporting statements made by officials and others in power <b>22</b></p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><b>References<br /></b>American Dialect Society (ADS)<br /><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/1953538173017754392/3505864955052971515" style="color: #0563c1;"><span class="s1" style="color: #0563c1;">https://americandialect.org/</span></a><span style="color: #0563c1;"> </span><br />Zimmer, B. and L. Sutton. (Jan. 5, 2024). American Dialect Society selects “<i>enshittification</i>” as 2023 Word of the Year. Press Release <i>American Dialect Society</i>.<br /><span class="s2" style="color: #0563c1; text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/1953538173017754392/3505864955052971515">https://americandialect.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2023-Word-of-the-Year-PRESS-RELEASE.pdf</a></span></div><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; min-height: 12px; text-align: left;"><br /></p>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-35058649550529715152024-01-14T18:46:00.000-08:002024-01-18T15:57:36.158-08:00Terminology - The ADS 2023 WOTY.<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><b> Copyright </b></span><b style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px;">© </b><b style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;">Françoise Herrmann</b></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">On January 5, 2024, the venerable <i><a href="https://americandialect.org/">American Dialect Society</a></i> (ADS) selected the term <a href="https://americandialect.org/2023-word-of-the-year-is-enshittification/ "><i>enshittification</i> </a>as the <i>Word Of The Year</i> (WOTY) 2023. The neologism was coined by <a href="https://pluralistic.net/2024/01/13/solidarity-forever/#tech-unions ">Cory Doctorow,</a> an award-winning, Canadian-British, science fiction author, and blogger, who uses the term quite liberally. According to <i><a href="http://Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com</a>:</i></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;">“Enshitification means the gradual degradation of an online platform or service's functionality, as part of a cycle in which the platform or service first offers benefits to users to attract them, then pursues more and more profits at the expense of users.” </span></blockquote><p></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">However,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>the scope of the term is far greater, considering all of its derivations found on Doctorow’s blog, such as <i>enshittocene</i>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>enshittifified</i>, The Great <i>Enshittening</i>, and occasionally a more positive twist, such as to <i><a href="https://pluralistic.net/2024/01/13/solidarity-forever/#tech-unions ">disenshittify</a></i>.”<span class="s1" style="color: #4d5156;"> </span></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 13px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Three hundred members of the ADS voted for <i>enshiffication</i>. All of them experts in matters of language, language change and language variation, they are linguists, lexicographers, etymologists, grammarians, historians, researchers, writers, editors, students, and independent scholars. Members of the 134 year-old ADS<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>institution, all voting in <a href="ADS – All the Words of the Year, 1990 to present. https://americandialect.org/woty/all-of-the-words-of-the-year-1990-to-present/ ">the 34<sup>th</sup> year</a> of the <i>Word of the Year </i>(WOTY) event.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.wsj.com/news/author/ben-zimmer">Ben Zimmer</a>, <i>Word</i> <i>on the Street</i> columnist at <i>The</i> <i>Wall Street Journal</i> and Chair of the ADS New Words Committee, presided over the WOTY session, on the occasion of the Society’s Annual Meeting.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>A session that he co-chaired, this year in conjunction with <a href="https://kellywright5.wixsite.com/raciolinguistics ">Dr. Kelly Elizabeth Wright</a>, the Committee’s official Data Czarina and experimental sociolinguistic activist.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Zimmer notes,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> in regard to </span>the selection, that: “<i>Enshittification</i> is a sadly apt term for how our online lives have become gradually degraded. From the time that it first appeared in Doctorow’s posts and articles, the word had all the markings of a successful neologism, being instantly memorable and adaptable to a variety of contexts.”</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">A sad word indeed, now the beacon of a whole year.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; min-height: 13px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">References</span></b></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">American Dialect Society (ADS)<br /><span class="s2" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://americandialect.org/">https://americandialect.org/</a></span><span class="s3" style="color: black;"> </span></span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s3" style="color: black;"><br /></span>ADS - 2023 Word of the Year is <i>enshittification.<br /></i><span class="s2" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://americandialect.org/2023-word-of-the-year-is-enshittification/">https://americandialect.org/2023-word-of-the-year-is-enshittification/</a></span><span class="s3" style="color: black;"> </span></span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s3" style="color: black;"><br /></span>ADS – All the Words of the Year, 1990 to present.<br /><span class="s2" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://americandialect.org/woty/all-of-the-words-of-the-year-1990-to-present/">https://americandialect.org/woty/all-of-the-words-of-the-year-1990-to-present/</a></span><span class="s3" style="color: black;"> </span></span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s3" style="color: black;"><br /></span>Cory Doctorow: An Audacious Plan to Halt the Internet’s <i>Enshittification</i> and Throw It Into Reverse. YouTube video [01:08:42]<br /><span class="s2" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="%22">https://youtu.be/VT1ud0rAT7w</a></span></span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Dictionary.com (website) </span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.dictionary.com">www.dictionary.com</a></span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s3" style="color: black;"> <br /></span>Doctorow, C. (Jan 13, 2024). Tech workers and gig workers need each other. Each <i>disenshittifies</i> the other.<br /><span class="s2" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="%22">https://pluralistic.net/2024/01/13/solidarity-forever/#tech-unions</a></span><span class="s3" style="color: black;"> </span></span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s3" style="color: black;"><br /></span>Wright, K. E.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(Jan 14, 2024). Disabling Linguistic Oppression with Experimental Sociolinguistics <br /><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="%22">https://kellywright5.wixsite.com/raciolinguistics</a></span><span class="s2" style="color: black;"> </span></span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s2" style="color: black;"><br /></span>Zimmer, B. and L. Sutton (Jan. 5, 2024). American Dialect Society selects <i>enshittification</i> as 2023 Word of the Year. Press Release <i>American Dialects Society</i>.</span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s2" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://americandialect.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2023-Word-of-the-Year-PRESS-RELEASE.pdf">https://americandialect.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2023-Word-of-the-Year-PRESS-RELEASE.pdf</a></span></span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s2" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://americandialect.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2023-Word-of-the-Year-PRESS-RELEASE.pdf"><br /></a></span>Zimmer, B. (Jan 14, 2024). <i>Word on the Street</i> columnist at <i>The Wall Street Journal </i><span style="color: #0563c1; text-decoration-line: underline;">https://www.wsj.com/news/author/ben-zimmer</span></span></p>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-31429718498901914242024-01-06T11:16:00.000-08:002024-01-06T11:16:10.116-08:00 Oh, patents! Oh, Polly!<p><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;">Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</span></b></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.aph.org/product/polly/ "><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Polly</span></a> is part of a fairly recent winning streak in breakthrough inventions for the blind. A winning streak that includes the <a href="https://www.dotincorp.com/"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Dot Pad</span></a>, the <a href="https://buy.dotincorp.com/"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Dot SmartWatch</span></a>, and <a href="https://www.dotincorp.com/page/41"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Dot Translate</span></a>, using refreshable braille, and most recently <a href="https://legobraillebricks.com/ "><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Lego</span></a></span><span style="color: #3d85c6;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px;">®</span><a href="https://legobraillebricks.com/ " style="font-family: arial;"> <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Braille Bricks</span></a></span><span style="font-family: arial;">.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Recipient of a <i>Time Magazine Best 200 Inventions</i> Award in 2022, <a href="https://www.aph.org/product/polly/ "><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Polly</span></a> is a braille learning system developed by the <a href="https://www.aph.org/">American Printing House</a> (APH) for the Blind, in collaboration with a firm in India called <a href="https://www.thinkerbelllabs.com/ ">Thinkerbell Labs</a>. The APH is the largest braille publishing house in the United States. Braille is a tactile language, enabling the blind and visually impaired to read and write. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Braille was named after Louis Braille, who became blind as a young boy in France, and went on to develop this eponymous tactile language, at the beginning of the 19th century. Braille consists of a certain number of cells, each containing different combinations of 3x2 raised dots, corresponding to the letters of the alphabet, punctuation marks, and contractions. Early braille reading and writing materials were embossed on thick cardboard sheets, using manual or automated braillers. A means of producing braille reading and writing mterials that limited both the variety and quantity of materials available, and by the same token access to literacy and employment for the blind.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Scrolling fast forward, <a href="https://www.aph.org/product/polly/ "><span style="color: #3d85c6;">Polly</span></a> was developed not only to incorporate the latest digital combination of audio and refreshable braille technology into braille learning systems, but also to develop a state-of-the-art digitized curriculum for the blind. A digitized curriculum for the blind and visually impaired that fills the void for on-demand learning content and collaborative classroom activity, and that includes instant feedback or live monitoring, step-wise progression, and analytics on learning outcomes. A curriculum for the blind and visually impaired that also includes games and fun learning materials. Especially, materials that might be used without the assistance of a teacher, considering the shortage of special education teachers, and the increased need for assisting blind or visually impaired students on their path to braille literacy. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The <a href="https://www.aph.org/product/polly/ ">Polly</a> invention thus responds to two apsects of a problematic situation in braille education. First, the invention responds to shortcomings in the application of the latest electronic dot and audio technologies for the blind. Secondly, the invention responds to the need for catching up on the development of digitized methodologies for teaching and learning braille literacy, on a par with digital learning and teaching methodlogies for the sighted.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.aph.org/product/polly/ ">Polly</a> is a patented invention. The following family of five patents protect the invention. The patents were granted by the United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), Intellectual Property Australia (IP Australia), the European Patent Office (EPO), and the Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO) :</div></span><p class="p3" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2019162848&_cid=P11-LR29GB-01233-1"><span style="color: #6fa8dc;">WO2019162848A1</span></a></b><span style="color: #3d85c6;"> </span>- A smart interactive system for Braille learning.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/11514817"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">US11514817B2</span></a></b> - A smart interactive system for Braille learning.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="http://pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au/ols/auspat/quickSearch.do?queryString=2022218635&resultsPerPage="><span style="color: #3d85c6;">AU2022218635A1</span></a></b> - A smart interactive system for learning braille.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/patent/search/family/067687551/publication/EP3756179A4?q=EP3756179A4"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">EP3756179A4</span></a> </b>- A smart interactive system for learning braille.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="https://www.ic.gc.ca/opic-cipo/cpd/eng/patent/3091579/summary.html?type=number_search&tabs1Index=tabs1_1"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">CA3091579A1</span></a></b>- A smart interactive system for learning braille.</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The US utility patent <b><a href="https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/11514817"><span style="color: #3d85c6;">US11514817B2</span></a></b> discloses a smart interactive electronic braille learning device, for audio-tactile inputting and outputting of braille content. The invention is further designed to make braille learning easy, fun, and possible, even without the help of a teacher. The braille device is a connected device. The device is part of a system that includes a digitized braille pedagogy, followed across the globe via cloud servers, which users can access via the audio-tactile input and output interface. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The input interface includes a 6-key Perkins braille keyboard and a digitized version of the traditional “braille slate” for use with a stylus. The 6-key braille Perkins keyboard is for learning how to <i>type</i> in braille. The digitized “slate” for use with a stylus facilitates learning how to <i>write</i> in braille, eliminating the need for thick cardboard paper where students used to emboss dots using a stylus. The output interface includes enlarged braille cells for beginning braille readers, and standard-size braille cells for learners who have already mastered braille reading with the enlarged cells.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Below, the patent <b>Figures 2a</b>, <b>2b</b> and <b>2c</b>, showing top (<b>2a</b>), left side (<b>2b</b>) and right side (<b>2c</b>) views of an embodiment of the <a href="https://www.aph.org/product/polly/ ">Polly</a> invention device for learning braille. The top view <b>2a </b>of the device depicts a large twin-cell refreshable braille display <b>110</b> for beginning readers, and a standard 6-cell refreshable braille display <b>108</b> for more advanced braille readers. Between the large twin-cell <b>110</b> and standard <b>108</b> 6-cell refreshable braille displays, a speaker system <b>113</b>, intended to assist with reading and to provide instructions. Below the refreshable braille reading cells (<b>110</b> and <b>108</b>) and speaker system <b>113</b>, a standard Perkins 6-key keyboard <b>117</b> for typing braille, plus a backspace key, a new line key, and a space bar. Beneath the Perkins keyboard <b>117</b>, a digital braille slate <b>116</b>, for practicing “stylus & slate” braille writing skills. Beneath the digital slate <b>116</b>, there are navigation keys (left and right arrows, plus a spacebar) used to navigate across stored content and the different operational modes of the system.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz-zRSau5PEjSETNyFil-6lYxUfH4IqmOAKMiuC5DAYtyhvzYI4BO454rjA-WCXist-f-J3bzHQYH7pvoQFH3Ad8hFia0h80jvOMDUs3Il0cOvZSGZyJgYxzhh3FjeO70BUFbUuaJQdlG7Fl6Oq4PazwJfsGJCCn22v8V6__hkvg6k8uSNUPryEGnR8sg/s930/Polly%20-%20Figures%202%20a,%20b%20and%20c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="498" data-original-width="930" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz-zRSau5PEjSETNyFil-6lYxUfH4IqmOAKMiuC5DAYtyhvzYI4BO454rjA-WCXist-f-J3bzHQYH7pvoQFH3Ad8hFia0h80jvOMDUs3Il0cOvZSGZyJgYxzhh3FjeO70BUFbUuaJQdlG7Fl6Oq4PazwJfsGJCCn22v8V6__hkvg6k8uSNUPryEGnR8sg/w640-h342/Polly%20-%20Figures%202%20a,%20b%20and%20c.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The left side <b>2b</b> of the device depicts the power supply input plug <b>102</b>, the on/off rocker switch <b>103,</b> and a touch sensor <b>120</b>. The touch sensor vibrates upon a single tap, to indicate that the device is ON to a visually impaired person. A double tap controls the repetition of the last audio instruction. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Vibration is otherwise also used to provide feedback, such as for an incorrect answer or to acknowledge input. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">The left side </span><b style="font-family: arial;">2b</b><span style="font-family: arial;"> of the device also displays two un-indexed USB ports, and a LAN port for modem connection. The device is otherwise WIFI and Bluetooth-enabled. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">The right side of the device </span><b style="font-family: arial;">2c</b><span style="font-family: arial;"> depicts the audio jack </span><b style="font-family: arial;">114</b><span style="font-family: arial;">,</span><b style="font-family: arial;"> </b><span style="font-family: arial;">and the volume control knob </span><b style="font-family: arial;">115</b><span style="font-family: arial;">. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The <a href="https://www.aph.org/product/polly/ ">Polly</a> braille learning system is connected to the <a href="https://polly-helios.thinkerbelllabs.com/">Helios Educational Platform</a> for storage of, and access to, a wide variety of multilingual content, structured into lessons of increasing difficulty. To sign up, and set up an account, go to: <a href="%22">https://polly-helios.thinkerbelllabs.com/</a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Below, an indexed image of the marketed <a href="https://www.aph.org/product/polly/ ">Polly</a> braille learning device. Below the image, the abstract of the invention, extracted from the US utility patent <a href="https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/11514817"><span style="color: #3d85c6;"><span class="s3" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>US</b></span><span class="s4" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>11514817B2</b></span></span></a>.</div></span><p class="p8" style="color: #333333; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihNhHqLVOdFMgIFCabY-7zM5PIPC2-LexjbyDGvVugGWQvRSkYHZcUe28r8kWnvawyNIeW5XKNggQxyJI7YBUJxo5FVzVAKWD3DIG8cI4D_QEGdDPOighZZ51sww57a6oRGL-N0G6oPMi9uGy2LQMhYNjwJEuf-Xec1tdpR2aBrREOWJLY5GKDWCS-WIQ/s1917/Polly%20-%20Indexed%20braille%20learning%20device.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1087" data-original-width="1917" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihNhHqLVOdFMgIFCabY-7zM5PIPC2-LexjbyDGvVugGWQvRSkYHZcUe28r8kWnvawyNIeW5XKNggQxyJI7YBUJxo5FVzVAKWD3DIG8cI4D_QEGdDPOighZZ51sww57a6oRGL-N0G6oPMi9uGy2LQMhYNjwJEuf-Xec1tdpR2aBrREOWJLY5GKDWCS-WIQ/w400-h226/Polly%20-%20Indexed%20braille%20learning%20device.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p class="p8" style="color: #333333; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><blockquote style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The present invention discloses completely digitized, smart, interactive and connected system (<b>100</b>) for braille learning. The invention also provides platform for consuming coupled audio-braille tactile lessons that include voice and braille data input or output serving as educational tool for visually challenged. The smart interactive system comprises a braille keyboard (<b>117</b>), a digital braille <b>10</b> slate (<b>116</b>), a proximity touch sensor (<b>120</b>) for input, a large braille display (<b>110</b>) and standard braille display (<b>108</b>), a vibration motor (<b>119</b>) and a speaker (<b>113</b>) for haptic and audio data output. The digital braille slate (<b>116</b>) gives both mechanical tactile feedback and audio feedback via speaker (<b>115</b>) as each braille dots are pressed using the stylus (<b>306</b>). The system (<b>100</b>) is connected to the internet <b>15</b> allowing for remote software and content updates and upload of data on usage metrics.<span class="s3" style="color: black; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span><span class="s3" style="color: black; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">[<b>Abstract </b></span></span><span class="s3" style="font-family: arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><a href="https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/11514817">US</a></b></span><span class="s4" style="font-family: arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><b><a href="https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/11514817">11514817B2</a>]</b></span></blockquote><span class="s4" style="font-family: arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><b></b></span><p></p><p class="p9" style="color: white; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">References</span></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">American Printing House for the Blind</span></p><p class="p10" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s5" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://www.aph.org/"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://www.aph.org/</span></a></span></p><p class="p10" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Dot Pad</span></p><p class="p10" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.dotincorp.com/">https://www.dotincorp.com/</a></span></p><p class="p10" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Dot Braille Smartwatch</span></p><p class="p10" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://buy.dotincorp.com/">https://buy.dotincorp.com/</a></span></p><p class="p10" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Dot Translate</span></p><p class="p10" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.dotincorp.com/page/41">https://www.dotincorp.com/page/41</a></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Helios – Thinkerbell Labs.</span></p><p class="p10" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: arial;"><span class="s5" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="%22">https://polly-helios.thinkerbelllabs.com/</a></span></span></p><p class="p10" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0563c1; font-family: arial;"><span class="s6" style="color: black;">Lego</span></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px;">®</span><span style="color: black; font-family: arial;"> Braille Bricks</span></p><p class="p10" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><a href="https://legobraillebricks.com/"><span style="color: #3d85c6;"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://legobraillebricks.com/</span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s6"> </span></span></span></a></p><p class="p10" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s6" style="color: black;">Polly - American Printing House for the Blind.</span></span></p><p class="p10" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.aph.org/product/polly/">https://www.aph.org/product/polly/ </a></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Power up Braille Literacy with Polly (video)</span></p><p class="p10" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s5" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5GbK4SfTu0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5GbK4SfTu0</a></span><span class="s6" style="color: black;"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ThinkerBell Labs<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p10" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s5" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="%22">https://www.thinkerbelllabs.com/</a></span><span class="s6" style="color: black;"> </span></span></p>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-79818995709321760792024-01-01T00:19:00.000-08:002024-01-01T00:19:37.061-08:00Another New Year!<div style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<table bgcolor="#ffffff" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td><a href="https://plus.smilebox.com/play?g=3f49221c-330f-4f95-a803-3250ab3beee5&sbid=3466" style="display: block; position: relative;" target="_blank"><img height="303" src="https://content-p.smilebox.com/202312/31/images/3463556-1-638396521730604974-0000.png" style="border: medium none;" width="386" /></a></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><a href="" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;">My Smilebox</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-59098317601208199632023-12-29T18:52:00.000-08:002023-12-30T22:20:24.820-08:00Oh, patents! Vivaia leopard flats<p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Copyright © Françoise Herrmann<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; min-height: 13px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.vivaia.com/">Vivaia</a> shoes are branded as super comfortable and eco-friendly. The stretchy knit uppers that adapt to all sorts of different foot shapes are made of thread produced from recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>As of Dec. 4, 2023, the company had recycled more than 16,801,926 PET bottles, with an average of six PET bottles used for every upper. Known for its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties,<span class="s1" style="color: #042100; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><i>Artemisia Argyi </i>(aka Chinese mugwort) is also mixed into the <a href="https://www.vivaia.com/">Vivaia</a> polyurethane (PU) insoles to produce not only “cushiony, supportive, breathable, mold-proof, and moisture-wicking shoes” but also to promote odor-resistance in hot and humid weather.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The leopard flats, o</span><span style="font-family: arial;">ne of the many <a href="https://www.vivaia.com/">Vivaia</a> shoe models, have a patented design. The US design patent, <a href="https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/D994287"><b>USD994287S1</b></a>, titled <b>Pair of Shoes</b>, was awarded to Jia Wu, on August 8, 2023. The patent <b><a href="https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/D994287">Figure 15</a></b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is included below, together with a cropped image of the marketed leopard flats model. </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The patent <b><a href="https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/D994287">Figure 15</a></b> depicts a top view of the patented design, divided between the right and left shoes. <span style="text-align: left;">Note that the broken drawing lines indicate those portions of the pair of shoes that are <i>not</i> part of the patented design. Thus, the patent covers just the two halves of the embroidered leopard design.</span> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirMByrH9_JA2Bo6Tnb9MY-kPQ8KIZkgrXgLTeJbfnmgJ4TxpfenxEB5abyYtmqZThH7R2zjJ-o7hGldRtDwJj6nAfbrTyjA6GC2TWY1Trb5vAL2G-Z6i-ABSxW6zwuvphaVhEjo1CssP4LWViFRdcrfsSZWWsx_d67fB5OZH7Hyn9xdddJ1N7tJ_eGNI0/s1194/Vivaia%20-%20Patent%20Figure%2015%20%20leopard%20shoes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1194" data-original-width="726" height="536" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirMByrH9_JA2Bo6Tnb9MY-kPQ8KIZkgrXgLTeJbfnmgJ4TxpfenxEB5abyYtmqZThH7R2zjJ-o7hGldRtDwJj6nAfbrTyjA6GC2TWY1Trb5vAL2G-Z6i-ABSxW6zwuvphaVhEjo1CssP4LWViFRdcrfsSZWWsx_d67fB5OZH7Hyn9xdddJ1N7tJ_eGNI0/w327-h536/Vivaia%20-%20Patent%20Figure%2015%20%20leopard%20shoes.jpg" width="327" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisUi4xfo6RGa2W5B4gq2M3uDW5rtaKKC5D0eMwBfVai2wFZDEWqOib9BvIshejek64msqJssVWLY5A7wEOvGAgVuNFnu7svPTsWFX0xs1zxy29vxURMtRDkZdKr74WNaUkTsk1VcJmcYZyl10Ba_qtLn6PMLYqjB2dn1CmBg8yxIojv5EklWjm9177tos/s800/VaVaia%20-%20Shoes%20leopard%20image%20cropped.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="800" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisUi4xfo6RGa2W5B4gq2M3uDW5rtaKKC5D0eMwBfVai2wFZDEWqOib9BvIshejek64msqJssVWLY5A7wEOvGAgVuNFnu7svPTsWFX0xs1zxy29vxURMtRDkZdKr74WNaUkTsk1VcJmcYZyl10Ba_qtLn6PMLYqjB2dn1CmBg8yxIojv5EklWjm9177tos/s320/VaVaia%20-%20Shoes%20leopard%20image%20cropped.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /></div><b style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><b style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></p></span></b><div style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Reference<br /></span></b><span style="font-family: arial;">Vivaia (website)<br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.vivaia.com/">https://www.vivaia.com/</a></span></div><p></p>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-27361740936653243402023-12-28T18:51:00.000-08:002023-12-28T18:51:46.285-08:00Terminology: WOTTIES (2) – Merriam-Webster’s 2023 WOTY contenders.<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</b></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Merriam-Webster identified 13 contenders for the 2023 Word of the Year (WOTY), all of them directly related to specific events occurring during the year. As a reminder, Merriam-Webster selects candidates for the Word of the Year by observing surges in look-up for a particular term in the dictionary. Surges in terms looked up are then easily correlated to events in the real world, subsuming the use of the identified terms.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Below, the list of the 13 contending terms for the 2023 WOTY, together with their Merriam-Webster definitions, as well as some of the stories assumed to have given rise to widespread use in 2023, in turn resulting in increased look-up in the Merriam-Webster dictionary. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 13px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>1.</b> <b>rizz </b>(noun): romantic appeal or charm; (verb): to charm or seduce, usually used with <i>up</i>. Slang appearing first in 2021, with possible origins as an abbreviation for the term ‘charisma’. The term was added to the Merriam-Webster dictionary in September 2023.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>2. deepfake</b> (noun): an image or recording that has been convincingly altered and manipulated to misrepresent someone as doing or saying something that was not actually done or said. The term 'deepfake' spiked on several occasions in connection to fears that political campaign ads for the upcoming US presidential elections would run 'deepfakes'. Specifically, when 'deepfakes' were purported to run in Governor Ron DeSantis' campaign ads for Republican nomination.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>3. coronation</b> (noun): the act or occasion of crowning. The term 'coronation' spiked in May, when the new British monarch, King Charles III was crowned.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>4.</b> <b>dystopian</b> (adj.): of, relating to, or being an imagined world or society in which people lead dehumanized, fearful lives : relating to or characteristic of a ‘dystopia’. Merriam-Webster recorded several events that invoked the term 'dystopian future', prompting spikes in look-up. Among these events:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>the video produced by the Republican National Committee in early April, built entirely with AI-generated imagery, portraying a 'dystopian future', if the incumbent president were re-elected; and the 54th Earth Day celebration on April 22nd, following weeks of record-high temperatures, that came with warnings of a 'dystopian future'. A future that eerily manifested itself, in June, when smoke from Canadian wildfires spread across the eastern U.S., creating a 'dystopian landscape'. AI critics also repeatedly warned of a ‘dystopian future’ if machines were to subjugate or replace humans.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>5.</b> <b>EGOT </b>(acronym):<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>the accomplishment of winning an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Award in one's lifetime. The acronym EGOT (pronounced ‘EE-gaht’) spiked following the GRAMMY awards ceremony, in February 2023, when the actor Viola Davis, stated in her acceptance speech: “I just EGOT!”. She was awarded a GRAMMY for the best audiobook, narration and storytelling recording for her memoir, <i>Finding Me.</i></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>6.</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>X</b>:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>not</i> the 24<sup>th</sup> letter of the alphabet; <i>not</i> the graphic representation of the number 10; <i>not</i> the abbreviation as in Xmas;<i> not</i> the mathematical symbol for multiplication; not the mark as in marked with an “x”, but the new name given to the Twitter platform, once the company was acquired by Elon Musk.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>7.</b> <b>implode</b> (verb): a: to burst inward, b:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>to undergo violent compression. Searches for the verb ‘to implode’<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>spiked in June 2023, when the submersible <i>Titan</i> lost contact with its support ship above the Ocean. The <i>Titan</i> was a sea vessel outfitted for expeditions to the site of the Titanic shipwreck, in the North Atlantic Ocean. The story made headlines because all five passengers on board this expedition of the <i>Titan</i> perished, when the vessel imploded at some point during its descent to the ocean floor.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>8.</b> <b>doppelg</b></span><i style="font-family: arial;"><b>ä</b></i><b style="font-family: arial;">nger</b><span style="font-family: arial;"> (noun): double or alter ego. The term ‘doppelg</span><i style="font-family: arial;">ä</i><span style="font-family: arial;">nger’ apparently spiked in connection to two unrelated crime stories, one in New York and one Germany,</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;">where the victim involved a </span><i style="font-family: arial;">lookalike</i><span style="font-family: arial;">. In September also, Naomi Klein’s latest book </span><i style="font-family: arial;">Doppelgänger: A Trip Into the Mirror World</i><span style="font-family: arial;"> was released.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>9.</b> <b>covenant</b> (noun): a usually formal, solemn, and binding agreement. Two events, in April and May, were put forward to explain the spike in look ups for the term ‘covenant’. In April, the release of Guy Ritchie’s film <i>The Covenant</i>, depicting the rescue of an Afghan interpreter who had saved the life of a U.S. soldier in combat. In May, a new novel by Abraham Verghese, <i>The Covenant of Water</i>, which became an instant bestseller.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>10. indict </b>(verb): to charge with a crime by the finding or presentment of a jury (such as a grand jury) in due form of law. The term<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>‘indict’ spiked by 9440% on March 30, when a New York City grand jury charged former president Donald Trump in a hush-money case<span class="s2" style="color: #202124; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">—actually just </span><i>one</i> of four separate cases, where the former president was indicted.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>11.</b> <b>elemental</b> (adj.): relating to an <i>element</i>. Look-ups for the term 'elemental' spiked with the release of the Pixar motion picture titled <i>Elemental</i>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Specifically, the title referred to the original and oldest meaning of the term <i>element</i> as one of four 'elements'<span class="s2" style="color: #202124; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">—</span>air, water, fire, and earth<span class="s2" style="color: #202124; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">—</span>formerly believed to compose the physical universe. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>12.</b> <b>kibbutz </b></span><span style="font-family: arial;">(noun): a communal farm or settlement in Israel. The term 'kibbutz' spiked in the aftermath of the massacre, perpetuated by terrorists in Israel, on Oct. 7th 2023.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>13.</b> <b>deadname</b> (noun): the name that a transgender person was given at birth and no longer uses upon transitioning. The term 'deadname<i>'</i> spiked within the context of the debates surrounding the <i>Parental Bill of Rights</i>, which was voted in House of Representatives, on March 24, 2023.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p></blockquote><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 13px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">References</span></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Merriam-Webster Dictionary</span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s3" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="%22">https://www.merriam-webster.com/</a></span><span class="s4" style="color: black;"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Staff (Nov. 27, 2023). Merriam-Webster Word of the Year.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s3" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="%22">https://www.merriam-webster.com/wordplay/word-of-the-year</a></span><span class="s4" style="color: black;"> </span></span></p>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-28576495894114238922023-12-27T14:05:00.000-08:002023-12-31T13:05:59.025-08:00 Terminology: WOTTIES (1) – ‘Authentic’ Merriam-Webster’s Word of the Year.<p><b style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px;">Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</b></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The American <i>Merriam-Webster</i> Dictionary selected ‘authentic’ as the 2023 Word of the Year.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> A selection that "definitely wasn't picked by AI", according to the</span> National Public Radio (NPR) journalist Emily Olson (Olson, Nov. 27, 2023). Indeed, Merriam-Webster traditionally selects the Word of the Year, based on significant spikes in the number of searches for a particular term in its 500,000-word corpus. Look-up spikes that generally directly correlate with events occurring in the world. Even if, in 2023, several spikes in 5-letter-word searches, related to the <i>New York Times</i> game WORDLE, had to be removed to avoid skewing computations.* <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 13px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Nonetheless, it is hardly uncoincidental that searches for the term ‘authentic’ spiked compared to previous years, considering that one of the most exciting events in Artificial Intelligence also occurred this year. The fact of the matter is that the OpenAI chatbot ChatGPT repeatedly passed the </span><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-test/">Turing Test</a></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> of Artificial Intelligence</span><span face="Roboto, arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">—</span><span style="font-family: arial;">more than 70 years after the challenge was posed. A challenge misleadingly beaten, however, since it is far too easy to lose sight of the fact that beating the </span><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-test/">Turing Test</a></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> only means fooling almost everyone on the planet into thinking they are communicating with a real human being,</span><span face="Roboto, arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">—</span><span style="font-family: arial;">or reading text produced by a human being</span><span face="Roboto, arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">—</span><span style="font-family: arial;">instead of a machine. A machine that, in this case, has been trained on a mega corpus to generate responses, based on <i>very</i> <i>statistically probable</i> word combinations.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p class="p3" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 13px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Thus, with so much duplicity factored into the renewed hyperbolic excitement for AI, as Chomsky (2023) reminded us, no wonder that searches for the definition of the term ‘authentic’ surged. However, if you are still unconvinced about the necessary deceit of AI, then consider widespread concern for threats to identity in the era of 'deepfake' images and videos; celebrities<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>such as Elon Musk calling for more ‘authenticity’ on social media, and the new French Social Media Platform “BeReal”, all of which Merriam-Webster also put forward as explanations for the observed surge in searches for the definition of the term ‘authentic’. Observations in Merriam-Webster dictionary look-up, which naturally resulted in the selection of ‘authentic’ as the 2023 WOTY. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 13px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b></b>--------</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 13px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">* </span><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;">The </span><i style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;">New York Times</i><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"> online game WORDLE sends approximately two million players worldwide searching for 5-letter words, every morning.</span></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 13px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span></p><div style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">References<br /></span></b><span style="font-family: arial;">Chomsky, N. et al. (March 8, 2023). Noam Chomsky: The false promise of ChatGPT. NYTimes Guest Opinion.<br /></span><span style="color: #0563c1; font-family: arial;"><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/08/opinion/noam-chomsky-chatgpt-ai.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/08/opinion/noam-chomsky-chatgpt-ai.html</a></span><span class="s2" style="color: black;"> <br /></span></span><span style="font-family: arial;">Olson, E. (Nov. 27, 2023). Merriam-Webster word of the year definitely wasn’t picked by AI.<br /></span><span style="color: #0563c1; font-family: arial;"><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="%22">https://www.npr.org/2023/11/27/1215372795/merriam-webster-word-of-the-year-2023-authentic</a></span><span class="s2" style="color: black;"> <br /></span></span><span style="font-family: arial;">Staff (Nov. 27, 2023). Word of the Year 2023: 'Authentic,' plus 'rizz,' 'deepfake,' 'coronation,' and other words that defined the year.<br /></span><span class="s1" style="color: #0563c1; text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/wordplay/word-of-the-year"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://www.merriam-webster.com/wordplay/word-of-the-year<br /></span></a></span><span style="font-family: arial;">The Turing Test - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.<br /></span><span style="color: #0563c1; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-test/">https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-test/</a></span></div>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-34472490797910840472023-12-26T09:44:00.000-08:002023-12-26T09:44:00.602-08:00Terminology: WOTTIES (2) - The 2023 OED WOTY Shortlist and Finalists.<p><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"> Copyright </span></b><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px;">© </span><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;">Françoise Herrmann</span></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In 2023, the selection of the <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i> (OED) Word of the Year (WOTY) was a three-step process. First, Oxford lexicographers and terminologists monitored and analyzed the 2.1 billion-word <i>Oxford English Corpus</i> (OEC) for trends. They looked for words and phrases that captured:</span><span class="s1" style="color: #011e41; font-family: arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;">“<i>ethos, mood, or preoccupations of a particular year, and which have potential to provide a snapshot of social history through language</i>”, alternatively</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;">that appear to “<i>have lasting potential as a word of cultural significance</i>”. A process that resulted in the selection of a Shortlist, comprising eight terms and phrases.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Secondly, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>public was invited to vote for four 2023 WOTY contenders, out of the eight Shortlisted terms and phrases. Finally, the four WOTY contenders, designated the four 2023 WOTY Finalists, were submitted to a committee of expert Oxford </span><span style="font-family: arial;">terminologists</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;">and lexicographers for selection of the <i>definitive </i>2023 Word of the Year</span><span style="font-family: arial;">.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Below, the eight Shortlisted terms and phrases, together with their definitions,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>four of which Shortlisted terms and phrases were voted contending Finalists, before submission to the committee of Oxford experts that selected the 2023 <i>winner of them all: </i>‘rizz’. The contending Finalists (i.e., <i>prompt</i>, <i>situationship</i> and <i>swiftie</i>) appear starred. The expert-selected 2023 WOTY 'rizz', at the very end of the list, is underlined.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>beige flag</b> (noun). A character trait that indicates that a partner or potential partner is boring or lacks originality; (also) a trait or habit, esp. of a partner or potential partner, viewed as extremely characteristic, but not distinctly good or bad. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>de-influencing</b> (noun). The practice of discouraging people from buying particular products, or of encouraging people to reduce their consumption of material goods, esp. via social media. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>heat dome</b> (noun). A persistent high-pressure weather system over a particular geographic area, which traps a mass of hot air below it. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>parasocial</b> (adjective). Designating a relationship characterized by the one-sided, unreciprocated sense of intimacy felt by a viewer, fan, or follower for a well-known or prominent figure (typically a media celebrity), in which the follower or fan comes to feel (falsely) that they know the celebrity as a friend.</span></li></ul><p></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>*prompt</b> (noun). An instruction given to an artificial intelligence program, algorithm, etc., which determines or influences the content it generates.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>*situationship </b>(noun). A romantic or sexual relationship that is not considered to be formal or established.</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>*swiftie </b>(noun). An enthusiastic fan of the singer Taylor Swift.</span> </p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s2"><b> <u>rizz</u></b></span> (noun). Style, charm or attractiveness; the ability to attract a romantic or sexual partner. </span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p></blockquote><p class="p3" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 13px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">References</span></b></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Staff - Oxford Word of the Year 2023.</span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span class="s2" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="%22"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://languages.oup.com/word-of-the-year/2023/</span></a></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Staff (Nov. 27, 2023). Eight words go head-to-head for Oxford Word of the Year 2023</span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s2" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="%22">https://corp.oup.com/news/eight-words-go-head-to-head-for-oxford-word-of-the-year-2023/</a></span><span class="s3" style="color: black;"> </span></span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; min-height: 13px;"><br /></p>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-12438131551470078492023-12-25T13:44:00.000-08:002023-12-25T13:44:45.656-08:00 Terminology: WOTTIES (1) - ‘RIZZ’ OED Word of the Year 2023. <p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</b></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) selected ‘rizz’ as the Word of the Year (WOTY). Rizz? Yes, ‘RIZZ’! A Generation Z word, short for 'charisma'. A term used widely online, and in social media, both as a verb (e.g., 'to rizz-up', meaning to<span class="Apple-converted-space"> woo</span> or seduce someone), and as a noun (e.g., "rizz is all that it takes”). </span></div></span><p></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The OED notes that the abbreviation ‘rizz’ is unusual in that it is extracted from the middle of the word 'charisma', like 'fridge' for 'refrigerator' or 'flu' for 'influenza'. ‘Rizz’ also acquired its own spelling in abbreviation, independently from the term 'charisma', marking the written form of the term as a neologism.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In June 2023, t</span><span style="font-family: arial;">he Oxford English Corpus<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(OEC), containing 2.1 billion words, recorded a dramatic spike in the use of the term 'rizz’, following a <i>30-question Buzzfeed</i> <i>Interview</i> with the British actor Tom Holland (aka <i>Spiderman</i>). Holland responded: “I have no rizz whatsoever” to the question: “What's the secret to your rizz?.” (<a href="https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/tom-holland-zendaya-celebrity-crush-1235355687/ ">Aniftos, 2023</a>)<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Selection of the OED WOTY is a carefully monitored process in the hands of Oxford terminologists and lexicographers, based on an analysis of the Oxford English Corpus (OEC) trends (<a href="https://corp.oup.com/feature/what-does-oxford-word-of-the-year-mean-to-us/ ">Oxford Staff, Nov. 30, 2023</a>). However, since 2022, the general public has been invited to participate in the selection of the OED WOTY. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">Below, the OED definition of the term ‘rizz’, announced as the Word of the Year 2023, on December 4, 2023. </span><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"><br /></span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi66jPQykYwQA3KoTiQVH-N8dyGYf2ym07szc_K3ho7t-PHg7zIaU9gjyKKyHz2-OxjL_AomeVP8G_XlfV9NYfSjcDTrAkwTIAZv_KlJQuaJo6bc9ryeL-rHvqEIMJ_jkhaFe5jH1zvdXA3tHq4YXWi6jbQyypgKJhXUDxfK60nZjG1euCGPEMJ8dFC6Ho/s1252/WOTY%202023%20-%20RIZZ%20-%20OED.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1187" data-original-width="1252" height="542" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi66jPQykYwQA3KoTiQVH-N8dyGYf2ym07szc_K3ho7t-PHg7zIaU9gjyKKyHz2-OxjL_AomeVP8G_XlfV9NYfSjcDTrAkwTIAZv_KlJQuaJo6bc9ryeL-rHvqEIMJ_jkhaFe5jH1zvdXA3tHq4YXWi6jbQyypgKJhXUDxfK60nZjG1euCGPEMJ8dFC6Ho/w573-h542/WOTY%202023%20-%20RIZZ%20-%20OED.jpg" width="573" /></a></span></div><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></p></span></b><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">References<br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Aniftos, R. (June 15, 2023). Tom Holland Admits He Has ‘No Rizz,’ Is ‘Happy & In Love’ With Zendaya.</span></p><p class="p2" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="%22">https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/tom-holland-zendaya-celebrity-crush-1235355687/</a></span><span class="s2" style="color: black;"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Berglund Prytz, Y. and M. Wynne (Feb. 18, 2023). The Oxford English Corpus – lexicography and beyond.</span></p><p class="p2" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="%22">https://digital.humanities.ox.ac.uk/oxford-english-corpus-lexicography-and-beyond</a></span><span class="s2" style="color: black;"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Buzzfeed 30-question Interview with Tom Holland (June 15, 2023).<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="%22">https://youtu.be/2oDXBHIoqas</a></span><span class="s2" style="color: black;"> </span></span></p><p class="p4" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 13px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Staff - Oxford Word of the Year 2023.</span></p><p class="p2" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="%22"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://languages.oup.com/word-of-the-year/2023/</span></a></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Staff (Nov. 30, 2023). What does Oxford Word of the Year mean to us?</span></p><p class="p2" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="%22"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://corp.oup.com/feature/what-does-oxford-word-of-the-year-mean-to-us/</span></a></span><span class="s2" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px;"> </span></p></div><p></p>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-12397637496742399962023-12-24T06:32:00.000-08:002023-12-25T13:45:37.092-08:00 Terminology: WOTTIES 2023 (2) - Contenders for the Collins Dictionary Word of the Year.<p><span style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b>Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</b></span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;">Word of the year (WOTY) <i>contenders</i> are just as interesting as the '<i>winner of them all'</i>. Below, the list of the nine terms that competed for the 2023 Collins Dictionary WOTY, together with their definitions and illustrations (GIF or JPEG).<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b>1. de-influencing</b>: (noun) </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.25_DEINFLUENCING.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="800" height="306" src="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.25_DEINFLUENCING.gif" width="544" /></a></div><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b>2. nepo baby</b>: (noun) </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.25_NEPOBABY.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="800" height="314" src="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.25_NEPOBABY.gif" width="557" /></a></div><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b><br /></b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b>3. canon event</b>: (noun)</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.26_CANON%20EVENT_1200x675.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="800" height="322" src="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.26_CANON%20EVENT_1200x675.jpg" width="572" /></a></div><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b>4. ultra-processed</b>: (adjective) </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.25_ULTRAPROCESSED.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="800" height="304" src="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.25_ULTRAPROCESSED.gif" width="541" /></a></div><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b>5. semaglutide</b>: (noun) (also the active ingredient in the trademarked medication called Ozempic®).</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.26_SEMAGLUTIDE_1200x675.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="800" height="312" src="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.26_SEMAGLUTIDE_1200x675.jpg" width="554" /></a></div><br /><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b>6. ULEZ (ULEZs plural)</b>: (noun) </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.26_ULEZ_1200X675.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="800" height="298" src="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.26_ULEZ_1200X675.jpg" width="531" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b>7. greedflation</b>: (noun) the use of inflation as an excuse to raise prices to artificially high levels in order to increase corporate profits.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.26_GREEDFLATION_1200x675.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="800" height="284" src="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.26_GREEDFLATION_1200x675.jpg" width="504" /></a></div><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b>8. debanking</b>: (verb) to deprive (someone) of banking facilities.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.26_DEBANKING_1200x675.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="800" height="294" src="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.26_DEBANKING_1200x675.jpg" width="523" /></a></div><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>9. bazball</b>: (noun)</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.26_BAZBALL.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="800" height="278" src="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.26_BAZBALL.gif" width="494" /></a></div><br /><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; min-height: 13px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">References</span></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Shariatmadari, D. (Nov. 1, 2023). The acceleration of AI and other 2023 trends. <i>Collins Language Lovers Blog</i>.</span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s2" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://blog.collinsdictionary.com/language-lovers/the-acceleration-of-ai-and-other-2023-trends/">https://blog.collinsdictionary.com/language-lovers/the-acceleration-of-ai-and-other-2023-trends/</a></span><span class="s3" style="color: black;"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">(Staff) The Collins Dictionary word of the year is ….</span></p><p class="p5" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span class="s2" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/woty"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/woty</span></a></span></p>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-20626618456217244102023-12-23T17:42:00.000-08:002023-12-25T13:46:26.792-08:00 Terminology: WOTTIES 2023 (1) - 'AI' Collins Dictionary Word of the Year.<p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</span></b></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The 2023 Collins<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Dictionary <i>Word of the Year</i> (WOTY) is <b>AI</b>, as in <b>Artificial Intelligence</b>. Collins defines <b>AI</b> as “<i>abbreviation for artificial intelligence: the modeling of human mental functions by computer programs</i>”.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.25_AI.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="800" height="302" src="https://resources.collins.co.uk/Dictionary/WOTY23/23.10.25_AI.gif" width="537" /></a></div><p></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The choice of the term <b>AI</b> might appear surprising, considering that <b>AI</b> has been around for almost 70 years as an academic discipline. What has changed in 2023, is that <b>AI</b>-driven <i>Chatbots</i>, such as <i>ChatGPT</i> and <i>Claude</i> would probably break the Turing Test for natural language processing and the production of human-like texts, and by the same token deal a serious blow to the domain of epistemology. Indeed, in a topsy-turvy outcome, computer scientists are now designing new tests to defeat machines vs. trying to program them so that they behave like humans</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202124; font-family: Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">—</span><span style="font-family: arial;">or at least <i>fool</i> humans into believing they are also human.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Turing Test was designed by Alan Turing in 1950. The test consisted in challenging computer scientists to design a machine that would exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human. When carried out, the Turing Test would invoke interaction between a human testing two interlocutors, one of which would be a machine. If the human, who was testing the two interlocutors, could not tell the difference between the machine interlocutor and the human interlocutor, then the machine would have passed the test, as it would be exhibiting behavior indistinguishable from that of a human.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In 2023, considering how Natural Language Processing<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(NLP), Large Language Models (LLMs) and deep Machine Learning (ML) can combine to respond to human queries for specific information, using <i>Chatbots</i> for example,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>computer scientists are now looking for ways to devise new challenging, and even simple tests that underscore what the machine still <i>cannot</i> do like humans. Thus, for example, computer scientists are designing simple visual logic puzzles, which stump <b>AI</b>-driven programs, when compared to human performance on the same tests (Biever, 2023). </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">However, at the end of the day, user beware! Before <i>falling-head-over-heels</i> for <b>AI</b>-driven <i>ChatGPT, </i>assumed to already exhibit</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> conversational performance largely</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;">equivalent to or indistinguishable from that of humans, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">remember that passing the Turing Test means being </span><i style="font-family: arial;">fooled</i><span style="font-family: arial;"> by a machine. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">The above Collins animated GIF offers a few cases in point. </span></p><p class="p3" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; min-height: 13px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">References</span></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Biever, C. (July 25, 2023). ChatGPT broke the Turing test — the race is on for new ways to assess AI. Nature.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="%22">https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02361-7</a></span><span class="s2" style="color: black;"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Chi, C. (Nov. 29, 2023). AI chatbots: Our top 18 picks for 2023.</span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="%22">https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/best-ai-chatbot</a></span><span class="s2" style="color: black;"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Guy, J. (Nov. 1, 2023). Collins Dictionary picks ‘AI’ as its word of the year.</span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/01/world/11-01-2023-collins-dictionary-ai-word-of-the-year-scli-intl-scn/index.html">https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/01/world/11-01-2023-collins-dictionary-ai-word-of-the-year-scli-intl-scn/index.html</a></span><span class="s2" style="color: black;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Shariatmadari, D. (Nov. 1, 2023). The acceleration of AI and other 2023 trends. Collins Language Lovers Blog.</span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://blog.collinsdictionary.com/language-lovers/the-acceleration-of-ai-and-other-2023-trends/">https://blog.collinsdictionary.com/language-lovers/the-acceleration-of-ai-and-other-2023-trends/</a></span><span class="s2" style="color: black;"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">(Staff) The Collins Dictionary word of the year is ….</span></p><p class="p5" style="color: #0563c1; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/woty"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/woty</span></a></span></p>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-54792615459121887372023-11-15T14:32:00.000-08:002023-12-22T16:53:11.572-08:00Oh, patents! Clips (4)<p><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 11px;">Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</span></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This clip accommodates larger light<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>bulbs, holding them upright, while attaching to a shingle roof, or other horizontal railing. The design was awarded the US design patent <b><a href="https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/D824246">USD824246S</a></b>, titled <b>Clip</b>. The patent was awarded on July 31, 2018, to Chan Chi Ming, the inventor.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Below,</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The patent <b><a href="https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/D824246">Figure 1</a></b> drawing of the clip, shows a top, left side, perspective.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">An image of the clip mounted on a shingle roof, and holding a larger C7 light bulb.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">An image of the marketed clip made of translucent plastic.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></li></ol><p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">As a reminder, a US design patent covers the ornamental aspects of an invention, or <i>how the invention looks</i>. In contrast, a US utility patent covers <i>how an invention works,</i> or <i>how an invention is manufactured</i>.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-9W1jict_J_35lYf-NJOF2QoP7MiW0HSD66CWFU-ntuqcGRsyudKoJZf718CMWra2md_mDE2xEHG4YqIWh7WJqpe-Y1s0tZ5pH46_lOpT9HCN9OCj61l0Gl5tASApR-5fJTRlKiNItB7tVLLzO7D6LlgTtXDCkkHmrLu-TnYV8LAWb8cRvw0HrJi43sA/s2591/Clips%20-%20Universal%20clip%20Fig.%201%20-%20USD824246S.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1660" data-original-width="2591" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-9W1jict_J_35lYf-NJOF2QoP7MiW0HSD66CWFU-ntuqcGRsyudKoJZf718CMWra2md_mDE2xEHG4YqIWh7WJqpe-Y1s0tZ5pH46_lOpT9HCN9OCj61l0Gl5tASApR-5fJTRlKiNItB7tVLLzO7D6LlgTtXDCkkHmrLu-TnYV8LAWb8cRvw0HrJi43sA/s320/Clips%20-%20Universal%20clip%20Fig.%201%20-%20USD824246S.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHhVK8KF20JNQ9pZch29MVLExA6bRPegmuiT-2gAWhpn73RJYioD2a8XzFZeDUVLHZckwcIQ3NXsQWGnfj0byO0nie4zcMOzsrC4xjnxnR3Ijqom1iAhidngkeOQBWddg8MIEhsNiH060fdxld7D9CXcSzQB2AUo1KDHhKy1ac-YWq96DiYE2iEnjZ4ns/s588/Clip%20(4)%20image2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="588" data-original-width="588" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHhVK8KF20JNQ9pZch29MVLExA6bRPegmuiT-2gAWhpn73RJYioD2a8XzFZeDUVLHZckwcIQ3NXsQWGnfj0byO0nie4zcMOzsrC4xjnxnR3Ijqom1iAhidngkeOQBWddg8MIEhsNiH060fdxld7D9CXcSzQB2AUo1KDHhKy1ac-YWq96DiYE2iEnjZ4ns/s320/Clip%20(4)%20image2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv5Gxs6khA7PiyCuH8c4y_0YZ31iEENCaP9qidnFzl9S6zncjrF97gfGGwlEueIhBAT7VhB8l163bSIYRaIRll0dotmijIC6a1ZO3OVxqlz8-9zJfc5X_5Nvtddjv380mDdJqsLhxIEDjC5TeYCBj3tjPeZJuqSJzaVKqKch3YLnUiGWLva7ff4z7QkCE/s1286/Clips%20-%20Universal%20clip%20image.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="872" data-original-width="1286" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv5Gxs6khA7PiyCuH8c4y_0YZ31iEENCaP9qidnFzl9S6zncjrF97gfGGwlEueIhBAT7VhB8l163bSIYRaIRll0dotmijIC6a1ZO3OVxqlz8-9zJfc5X_5Nvtddjv380mDdJqsLhxIEDjC5TeYCBj3tjPeZJuqSJzaVKqKch3YLnUiGWLva7ff4z7QkCE/s320/Clips%20-%20Universal%20clip%20image.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><span><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b>Reference</b></p><p class="p3" style="color: #666666; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;">USPTO MPEP – Chapt. 1502-01 – Distinction between design and utility patent.<br /><a href="https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s1502.html"><span class="s1" style="color: #2288bb;">https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s1502.html</span></a></p></span></span>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-5461103419127551402023-11-13T14:58:00.000-08:002023-12-22T16:53:37.889-08:00Oh, patents! Clips (3) <p><b><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span style="font-family: arial;">Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</span></span></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This clip is designed to attach lights above a gutter equipped with a shingle roof. The clip’s design was awarded the US design patent, <b><a href="https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/D477773">USD477773S1</a></b>, titled <b>Gutter and shingle clip</b>. The patent was awarded on July 29, 2003, to Lonnie F. Gary and Chad H Jones.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Below,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><ol class="ol1"><li class="li1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The<b> <a href="https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/D477773">Figure 1</a></b> drawing of the clip, extracted from the patent, showing a front perspective view.</span></li><li class="li1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> An image of the clips installed on a shingle roof above a gutter, with lights threaded through.</span></li><li class="li1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">An image of the marketed clip, made of translucent plastic.</span></li></ol><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>As a reminder, a US design patent protects the ornamental aspects of an invention, or <i>how the invention looks</i>. In contrast, a US utility patent protects <i>how an invention works</i>, and/or <i>how the invention is manufactured.</i></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; min-height: 13px;"><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px;"><br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6wKB1hxxni1jAuDvKfVfZFVJNFSym_VMd9nZDEGK5rjUsTSuioWrkWE2cD98-kBSikGU4VQqTK50kYk7b2TGtPl_S60Hs1Pltzmf1gYzUTgMizPNK_ihMOngp-MC7PUfjtoQHCZ69uWEurwIVrNf7_R6IOB2Jn_5Wz-Z-Zm_njBgZGV1vc086J4tXZmw/s2238/Clips%20-%20Shingle%20and%20gutter%20clip%20%20Fig,%201%20-%20USD477773%20S.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1121" data-original-width="2238" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6wKB1hxxni1jAuDvKfVfZFVJNFSym_VMd9nZDEGK5rjUsTSuioWrkWE2cD98-kBSikGU4VQqTK50kYk7b2TGtPl_S60Hs1Pltzmf1gYzUTgMizPNK_ihMOngp-MC7PUfjtoQHCZ69uWEurwIVrNf7_R6IOB2Jn_5Wz-Z-Zm_njBgZGV1vc086J4tXZmw/w342-h171/Clips%20-%20Shingle%20and%20gutter%20clip%20%20Fig,%201%20-%20USD477773%20S.jpg" width="342" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm1H1veWuC9uWYK1ke14tDylXe05i3Ikvsys4jBejrCnLirGOpu6nf7NBXEDkdjYJWDs1_KSuFi2uEhFeKEsWIfBnwuvWyO0yd22rxzhvjUDXQygkBeq5GmzpVF_VJOhUra525jjmgPUhJ_9nillRkXqQqAgES1mMJBNfY4Z_wZe7puaqfNAalr_M6i30/s1000/Clips%20-%20Shingle%20and%20gutter%20clip%20%20imafe%20attached%20to%20shingles%20and%20gutter.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="1000" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm1H1veWuC9uWYK1ke14tDylXe05i3Ikvsys4jBejrCnLirGOpu6nf7NBXEDkdjYJWDs1_KSuFi2uEhFeKEsWIfBnwuvWyO0yd22rxzhvjUDXQygkBeq5GmzpVF_VJOhUra525jjmgPUhJ_9nillRkXqQqAgES1mMJBNfY4Z_wZe7puaqfNAalr_M6i30/w340-h340/Clips%20-%20Shingle%20and%20gutter%20clip%20%20imafe%20attached%20to%20shingles%20and%20gutter.jpg" width="340" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-FjrvZ6wW992Nwp1XvqdDrUJUYm6vr0CE6Iz_e1BkycRo2T-Kqlf7msbe80df6iUQ8kCqb255nR27Kweqy4N5Q_Qzkl4gLIlkfCfpfD0YgGItYFnun__Z0TwO5i_qadu4bE_NewKlD4N8YkTwvdn3nLvZUyaY0k6Z88zqiPJWvfWzfH-gc_Zw8EYBNvo/s997/Clips%20-%20Shingle%20and%20gutter%20clip%20%20image.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="997" data-original-width="531" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-FjrvZ6wW992Nwp1XvqdDrUJUYm6vr0CE6Iz_e1BkycRo2T-Kqlf7msbe80df6iUQ8kCqb255nR27Kweqy4N5Q_Qzkl4gLIlkfCfpfD0YgGItYFnun__Z0TwO5i_qadu4bE_NewKlD4N8YkTwvdn3nLvZUyaY0k6Z88zqiPJWvfWzfH-gc_Zw8EYBNvo/s320/Clips%20-%20Shingle%20and%20gutter%20clip%20%20image.jpg" width="170" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Reference</b></span><p></p><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><p class="p1" style="color: #666666; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;">USPTO MPEP – Chapt. 1502-01 – Distinction between design and utility patent.<br /><a href="https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s1502.html"><span class="s1" style="color: #2288bb;">https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s1502.html</span></a></p></span></div>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-59652528259144475422023-11-06T04:47:00.000-08:002023-11-15T01:55:52.166-08:00Oh, patents! Clips (2)<p><b> <span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px;">Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</span></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The design of the clip shown below is also patented. Designed to attach lights to a deck, this clip was awarded the US design patent, <b><a href="https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/D608189">USD608189S1</a></b>, titled <b>Deck clip</b>. The patent was awarded on January 19, 2010, to Trevor Jackson and Patrick Brown, the inventors. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Below: </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">1. The patent <b><a href="https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/D608189">Figure 1</a></b> depicting a perspective view of the deck clip design.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">2. An</span> image of the commercial deck-light clips, attached to a deck, with lights threaded through the clip.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">3. An image of the marketed deck clip, made of translucent plastic.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">As a reminder, a US <i>design patent</i> only protects the way an invention design looks. In contrast, a US <i>utility patent </i>protects the way an invention works, and/or the way an invention is manufactured.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6D5Cqzkw5XoY_egEI21O9KsjQi_wEXyBOMHrQY76WZB6tZVC39EATALqxOZPdoiMz4a1PI5e2K7Kh2Hq6cYznPOCZQn6TsQTZbocafB30SYWA8Q8Yx-9gskzENpNI6Rzd4s2ARi0eNaxjRRgGtBKFK0A3KvGykTEbK7irVAz0OJcGUKmST1xxNKkh2Pc/s911/Clips%20-%20Deck%20clip%20-%20Fig.%201%20USD608189.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="911" data-original-width="721" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6D5Cqzkw5XoY_egEI21O9KsjQi_wEXyBOMHrQY76WZB6tZVC39EATALqxOZPdoiMz4a1PI5e2K7Kh2Hq6cYznPOCZQn6TsQTZbocafB30SYWA8Q8Yx-9gskzENpNI6Rzd4s2ARi0eNaxjRRgGtBKFK0A3KvGykTEbK7irVAz0OJcGUKmST1xxNKkh2Pc/s320/Clips%20-%20Deck%20clip%20-%20Fig.%201%20USD608189.jpg" width="253" /></a></b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixJyRPAxfGpAMxC8funukH85IwMbWH-GWHjaHMHlGHNWhVlPnaVHt6SFibiirVKzdSxRWEMTXRcQ6TA1ONCozzeSZEP5Hs_kJ1ZqMFsdST5J4nrPlwD1VqlMtaa7zyuFwhZ3GtMYgOiZ_-nopUZDYHcgdRcbZQ1ZeqT8edz3jgjG2nHXOTpZKgfLq4hww/s689/Clips%20-%20Deck%20clip%20image%20on%20deck.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="669" data-original-width="689" height="311" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixJyRPAxfGpAMxC8funukH85IwMbWH-GWHjaHMHlGHNWhVlPnaVHt6SFibiirVKzdSxRWEMTXRcQ6TA1ONCozzeSZEP5Hs_kJ1ZqMFsdST5J4nrPlwD1VqlMtaa7zyuFwhZ3GtMYgOiZ_-nopUZDYHcgdRcbZQ1ZeqT8edz3jgjG2nHXOTpZKgfLq4hww/s320/Clips%20-%20Deck%20clip%20image%20on%20deck.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiuFAHkyPrugVhrAdi-oFNjwR0ErQmRYRHSrRndiM4VKUXE9-ZAuyFKxlXOrlzgQWJX7aPn6DtO8DyPoNh8K3WKMtV60nTNGJ9Z8LXWX6dglphFAN3DLut8oRWdySPHEtvSls1waYCmUImVnJvIIsgTLO1BUBPT8wcUjOtuMkcbIZrj2Q3618ToC7o6BY/s637/Clips%20-%20Deck%20clip%20image.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="637" data-original-width="637" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiuFAHkyPrugVhrAdi-oFNjwR0ErQmRYRHSrRndiM4VKUXE9-ZAuyFKxlXOrlzgQWJX7aPn6DtO8DyPoNh8K3WKMtV60nTNGJ9Z8LXWX6dglphFAN3DLut8oRWdySPHEtvSls1waYCmUImVnJvIIsgTLO1BUBPT8wcUjOtuMkcbIZrj2Q3618ToC7o6BY/s320/Clips%20-%20Deck%20clip%20image.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><b>Reference</b></span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-weight: 400;">USPTO MPEP – Chapt. 1502-01 – Distinction between design and utility patent.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-weight: 400;" /><a href="https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s1502.html" style="background-color: white; color: #2288bb; font-weight: 400; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="s2">https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s1502.html</span></a></span></span><p></p>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-54339610181884168862023-11-04T04:29:00.000-07:002023-11-13T16:15:21.817-08:00Oh, patents! Clips (1)<p> <b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;">Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</span></b></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;">To install lights outdoors or indoors, a variety of patented clips are available. The following clip was awarded the US design patent <a href="https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/D601412"><b>USD601412S</b></a>, titled <b>Banister clip</b>. The patent was granted on October 6, 2009, to Patrick Brown and Robert Dorsey, the inventors.</div></span><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The three images below respectively depict a perspective view of the clip, as filed in the patent <a href="https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/D601412">Figure 1</a>, an image of the marketed clip attached to a banister with lights threaded through the loops, and an image of a single marketed banister clip, made of translucent plastic. Banister clips are sold in hardware stores, in boxes or bags containing dozens.</span></div><div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;">As a reminder, a US <i>design</i> patent covers <i>only</i> the ornamental aspects of an invention, or <i>how the invention looks</i>. In contrast, a US <i>utility</i> patent covers<i> how an invention works</i>, or is manufactured.</div></span><p class="p3" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px;"><br /></span></p><p><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZFl8QO00w5zCoZUHpgSZf9flNLyHe7cWpHxePFpn0NC7FJT5U8OxkHNJ0344nsVHGtBq3_JuLeVzLNtNRrLXWWMWXmqTrnG4v89l5SkFdG3ZeAI97RS3inrE3LWbDNLo9K6seYFAiYBhcNoQnScC8EMhnE3G96I9uoRX7QjKISLbQWk8Hm7pxYTAqnXg/s1364/Clips%20-%20Banister%20clip%20Fig.%201%20USD601412S.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1364" data-original-width="852" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZFl8QO00w5zCoZUHpgSZf9flNLyHe7cWpHxePFpn0NC7FJT5U8OxkHNJ0344nsVHGtBq3_JuLeVzLNtNRrLXWWMWXmqTrnG4v89l5SkFdG3ZeAI97RS3inrE3LWbDNLo9K6seYFAiYBhcNoQnScC8EMhnE3G96I9uoRX7QjKISLbQWk8Hm7pxYTAqnXg/s320/Clips%20-%20Banister%20clip%20Fig.%201%20USD601412S.jpg" width="200" /></a></b></div><b><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoBs2dP2co4-FNs42_c25vdQvpuHyEvuuhvQN98OLujW_UwiXgSQJlUge9AOv2Rau8PsYgSzGP6L2A7nh8HGAnbDg7c6u61FoYt9l0Ac31mAd5bg4KABnBbI3YfFy9spWw2l6b4nBXUo6ZO721L3PoSVULfdTbhwnoa8gUCOwkmUV5HWNy_rxkNMn-NNk/s646/Clips%20-%20Banister%20clip%20inmage%20on%20banister.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="646" data-original-width="646" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoBs2dP2co4-FNs42_c25vdQvpuHyEvuuhvQN98OLujW_UwiXgSQJlUge9AOv2Rau8PsYgSzGP6L2A7nh8HGAnbDg7c6u61FoYt9l0Ac31mAd5bg4KABnBbI3YfFy9spWw2l6b4nBXUo6ZO721L3PoSVULfdTbhwnoa8gUCOwkmUV5HWNy_rxkNMn-NNk/s320/Clips%20-%20Banister%20clip%20inmage%20on%20banister.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibMAPWqB9pp9PhSYM7KE9QlruoQQxLzr0xd_AWYGTALeYXOZ4b21D4rNj6WxhViB3H6COiu6ljjJUAW-y-9zhEywDEvrF8RZ38yMiAUiNjLhy1ddg2oFIHMb63_yfovLNO7nGs8DJk24HFxzGdSuRDnzaJgUtTb4znrUyerOe11HQUCPWkyftV4qIRDLo/s900/Clips%20-%20Banister%20image.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="900" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibMAPWqB9pp9PhSYM7KE9QlruoQQxLzr0xd_AWYGTALeYXOZ4b21D4rNj6WxhViB3H6COiu6ljjJUAW-y-9zhEywDEvrF8RZ38yMiAUiNjLhy1ddg2oFIHMb63_yfovLNO7nGs8DJk24HFxzGdSuRDnzaJgUtTb4znrUyerOe11HQUCPWkyftV4qIRDLo/s320/Clips%20-%20Banister%20image.jpg" width="320" /></a></div></b><div><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Reference</span></b></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666;">USPTO MPEP – Chapt. 1502-01 – Distinction between design and utility patent.</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #666666;" /><a href="https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s1502.html" style="background-color: white; color: #2288bb; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="s2">https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s1502.html</span></a></span></div></div>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-53852146253197887782023-10-31T17:51:00.002-07:002023-11-03T11:56:51.698-07:00Oh, patents! Dove® chocolate bars <p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</b></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Trick or Treat? Treat with patented<i> Dove<span style="font-size: xx-small;">®</span> Chocolate</i> bars. The US design patent, <a href="https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/D677856"><b>USD677856S</b></a>, titled <b>Candy</b>, was awarded on March 19, 2013, to Lynn Krumbolz and Brent Anderson, the inventors of the <i>Dove<span style="font-size: xx-small;">®</span> Chocolate</i> bar design (not the recipe). The patent was then assigned to Mars Inc., an American privately-owned, multinational food company that manufactures the Dove<span style="font-size: xx-small;">®</span> brand products.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The patent <b>Figure 1</b> is included below, together with images of the marketed <i>Dove<span style="font-size: xx-small;">®</span> Silky Smooth Dark Chocolate</i> and <i>Dove<span style="font-size: xx-small;">®</span> Silky Smooth Milk Chocolate</i> bars. The patent <b>Figure 1</b> depicts a perspective view of the chocolate candy bar. The trademarked Dove<span style="font-size: xx-small;">®</span> ribbon, depicted on each square of the bar, is part of the claimed design.</span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Happy Halloween!</span><br /><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><br /></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrmvkJf2G9TUSysGfiDPV0CUikMXhKxQPGlqZbq0mhO5vRmcM0hLPPPvg9OcdK8YceXLe_hLTxY_fjfA44JYce9Dy_hxqidnG6CVtryWjducXL63BPDhrFm3zcIOzsY95_yTF_z9Nk0aUBH-fKMO9Qe7WAlCcm8C6MxcXdG6qkY2t7H2L99yQsiFoEKvk/s886/Dove%20choc%20bar%20-%20Figure%201%20USD677856S.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="886" data-original-width="696" height="269" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrmvkJf2G9TUSysGfiDPV0CUikMXhKxQPGlqZbq0mhO5vRmcM0hLPPPvg9OcdK8YceXLe_hLTxY_fjfA44JYce9Dy_hxqidnG6CVtryWjducXL63BPDhrFm3zcIOzsY95_yTF_z9Nk0aUBH-fKMO9Qe7WAlCcm8C6MxcXdG6qkY2t7H2L99yQsiFoEKvk/w211-h269/Dove%20choc%20bar%20-%20Figure%201%20USD677856S.jpg" width="211" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtgR1e2oOErhMLUF3uOajQUYpskO2bHSRejEl7gDQvRbIkxXEQotgp7ZjhsmPNZmdPijS8I0SXsbPoJwbhviocxB8ZUJKJZpJNtzpZ_MjQvk6L_74_7IG5cgHz_0FqqZqG1SRilk0COTVEWEnfNP6_MJCsRUJoVGv1LZUylfGiSRn7153oJ4VG1guJ-LI/s888/Dove%20choc%20bar%20-%20Dark%20Choc.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="351" data-original-width="888" height="129" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtgR1e2oOErhMLUF3uOajQUYpskO2bHSRejEl7gDQvRbIkxXEQotgp7ZjhsmPNZmdPijS8I0SXsbPoJwbhviocxB8ZUJKJZpJNtzpZ_MjQvk6L_74_7IG5cgHz_0FqqZqG1SRilk0COTVEWEnfNP6_MJCsRUJoVGv1LZUylfGiSRn7153oJ4VG1guJ-LI/w328-h129/Dove%20choc%20bar%20-%20Dark%20Choc.jpg" width="328" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDDVLZaJdXFrlRfsy-TGm3Ky5NAsS1Ofo8hDT78n2DNRwPy5JdTLtH951OHkEWpSI7dMY_PWJXKYSydd9Qd7YY1k7JNTz1x7NqMllzpr25dIvD-DqphVXh1aZWPmcF6qiVMdsdH58fuqBLYng9W-FbmLFqtyzz64wG_wvQjFow1moS4lfPg5xCmxQU4lA/s926/Dove%20choc%20bar%20-%20Milk%20choc..jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="351" data-original-width="926" height="121" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDDVLZaJdXFrlRfsy-TGm3Ky5NAsS1Ofo8hDT78n2DNRwPy5JdTLtH951OHkEWpSI7dMY_PWJXKYSydd9Qd7YY1k7JNTz1x7NqMllzpr25dIvD-DqphVXh1aZWPmcF6qiVMdsdH58fuqBLYng9W-FbmLFqtyzz64wG_wvQjFow1moS4lfPg5xCmxQU4lA/s320/Dove%20choc%20bar%20-%20Milk%20choc..jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>References</b></span><p></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Mars Inc.<b> </b></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.mars.com/about">https://www.mars.com/about</a></span><span style="color: #45818e; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.mars.com/about"></a></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Dove</span><i style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">®</span></i><span style="font-family: arial;"> Chocolate (website)</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.dovechocolate.com/">https://www.dovechocolate.com/</a></span><br /><b style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11px;"><br /></b></p>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-42645751414381362062023-10-24T15:05:00.046-07:002023-11-03T11:55:57.122-07:00Oh, patents! Dove® chocolate truffles<p><b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5px;">Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</span></b></p><div style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Considering stylish treats? Dove® truffles are not only individually wrapped confections that come in countless flavors, their design is also patented. In other words, the ornamental aspect of Dove® truffles is patented. Not the recipe, which could only be copyrighted, nor the manufacturing process of the truffles, which could only be protected by a utility patent.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: arial;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The design patent protecting the way Dove® truffles look, <b><a href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/7d/62/e0/d0205cb748325a/USD634509.pdf">USD634509S</a></b>, titled <b><a href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/7d/62/e0/d0205cb748325a/USD634509.pdf">Confection</a></b>, was awarded on March 22, 2011, to William Jason Greer and Jamie Yapsuga Baulier. The patent was then assigned to<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Mars Inc., the privately-owned multinational company manufacturing the Dove® brand confectionary products.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Below, the patent <b><a href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/7d/62/e0/d0205cb748325a/USD634509.pdf">Figures 1</a></b> and <b><a href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/7d/62/e0/d0205cb748325a/USD634509.pdf">2</a></b>, together with an image of two sample marketed Dove® truffles in milk and dark chocolate, ganache unspecified. The patent <b><a href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/7d/62/e0/d0205cb748325a/USD634509.pdf">Figure 1</a></b> depicts a perspective view of the design. The patent <b><a href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/7d/62/e0/d0205cb748325a/USD634509.pdf">Figure 2</a></b> depicts a front view of the design.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"><br /></span></div></span></div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy2h2DTDZ-b53ey7UlvkiNVdkqHJBl75iyPp6Bvw7_tngAQB54qPTwN_hinOL6U6B8r3uePh3LZFc7IP3j_a1co67dXrUidIzLO0ZWG5KGOvvAUIzVLpGHePGEdBErldL1GDzqmxFgf8OEVKqJ3s_QcIKk00qx-Jh_pCDZg7cBDFfE4LhIEBmuxGFdLbQ/s1014/Dove%20-%20Fig1%20-%20single%20truffle%20confection%20USD634509S.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="974" data-original-width="1014" height="277" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy2h2DTDZ-b53ey7UlvkiNVdkqHJBl75iyPp6Bvw7_tngAQB54qPTwN_hinOL6U6B8r3uePh3LZFc7IP3j_a1co67dXrUidIzLO0ZWG5KGOvvAUIzVLpGHePGEdBErldL1GDzqmxFgf8OEVKqJ3s_QcIKk00qx-Jh_pCDZg7cBDFfE4LhIEBmuxGFdLbQ/w289-h277/Dove%20-%20Fig1%20-%20single%20truffle%20confection%20USD634509S.jpg" width="289" /></a></b></div><b><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHZBCMWp2AtrWIbp-Bcjtlfnqt5YFVMga0hFwRYNJ5c8oEH80FyjbFsEjX694gyOKPW0B8E4m09l47OFEJ11-3pysfq4tyxrS_2eLiuHqeWiT-NcxfOLs2MGHGwjaMLEzYxlnQ7tf7JtMNloz8LcotUs4nW_gYsq1qGAUTybaEsHvZcDxw3FjszhD1j7E/s790/Dove%20-%20Fig2-%20single%20truffle%20confection%20USD634509S.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="790" data-original-width="704" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHZBCMWp2AtrWIbp-Bcjtlfnqt5YFVMga0hFwRYNJ5c8oEH80FyjbFsEjX694gyOKPW0B8E4m09l47OFEJ11-3pysfq4tyxrS_2eLiuHqeWiT-NcxfOLs2MGHGwjaMLEzYxlnQ7tf7JtMNloz8LcotUs4nW_gYsq1qGAUTybaEsHvZcDxw3FjszhD1j7E/s320/Dove%20-%20Fig2-%20single%20truffle%20confection%20USD634509S.jpg" width="285" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 13.5px;"><br /></span></b><p></p><p><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQBuSudAwDC_Zstx1RRG3ztRsCBCg0fPydmXelbWUK9T_6Pm4ujN0C-hragNcrm0fySSWJkHuEdIsqk5nKPk-Lxq6kHBOUjQgu7blJpu9wXSuztuEOeexl0v8QiwLC1iBJ3leCoHMyOe6SY6xuJtF5lDnAD21fXctLZmYH9cqankbobaC_nzP3GWEK0TQ/s1100/Dove%20-%20image%20Milk%20and%20Dark%20Truffle%20confections.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1100" data-original-width="1100" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQBuSudAwDC_Zstx1RRG3ztRsCBCg0fPydmXelbWUK9T_6Pm4ujN0C-hragNcrm0fySSWJkHuEdIsqk5nKPk-Lxq6kHBOUjQgu7blJpu9wXSuztuEOeexl0v8QiwLC1iBJ3leCoHMyOe6SY6xuJtF5lDnAD21fXctLZmYH9cqankbobaC_nzP3GWEK0TQ/w338-h338/Dove%20-%20image%20Milk%20and%20Dark%20Truffle%20confections.jpg" width="338" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><p></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">References</span></b></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Mars Inc.<b> </b></span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2288bb; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://www.mars.com/about"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://www.mars.com/about</span></a></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Dove<span class="s2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><i>®</i></span> Chocolate (website)</span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2288bb; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://www.dovechocolate.com/"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://www.dovechocolate.com/</span></a></span></p>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-29557954692873025822023-10-23T14:13:00.086-07:002023-11-03T11:55:26.123-07:00Oh, patents! Mars Delight<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><b> Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</b></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Does anyone remember <i>Mars Delight </i>bars? <i>Mars Delight</i> bars were sold for four years, from 2004 to 2008? The design of the two, wavy, wafered, chocolate and caramel, <i>Mars Delight</i> bars was a patented design. A patent was awarded <i>only</i> for the <i>ornamental </i>aspect of the bar</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202124; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">—</span></span><span style="font-family: arial;">not for the recipe, nor the manufacturing process</span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202124; text-align: left;">—</span>j</span><span style="font-family: arial;">ust for the way the two <i>Mars Delight</i> bars looked, once removed from their wrapper.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">The US design patent, <b><a href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/f9/68/bd/b2473ef82986b2/USD509642.pdf">USD634509S</a></b>, titled <b><a href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/f9/68/bd/b2473ef82986b2/USD509642.pdf">Confection</a></b>,<b> </b>was awarded on September 20, 2005 to Gemma Cudjoe, a British designer. The patent was then assigned to Mars Inc., the privately-owned, multinational confectionary company that manufactured the chocolate <i>Mars Delight</i> candy bars.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>Below, the patent <b><a href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/f9/68/bd/b2473ef82986b2/USD509642.pdf">Figure 1</a></b> depicts a front perspective view of the <i>Mars Delight</i> confectionary bar design, together with an image of the marketed product.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiLClm0zGHoOwGY0NNjcyx-SQWut9FnmeIk9VNEnsh2z70wh4SiHKaPlHvGWrMhKq83rAw90XOHycVqiG_l3WkBELZVB8oFC4t10pGBTYyIcO95unOWNRaD4EHJg3KBJV6q03cG8C4JUNDlNKf-M1kinFmUjl9JA2QYrNboWXxJYlJn38w8Jh-0gq_RlM/s930/Mars%20-%20Bar%20Delight%20Figure%201%20USD509642S.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="630" data-original-width="930" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiLClm0zGHoOwGY0NNjcyx-SQWut9FnmeIk9VNEnsh2z70wh4SiHKaPlHvGWrMhKq83rAw90XOHycVqiG_l3WkBELZVB8oFC4t10pGBTYyIcO95unOWNRaD4EHJg3KBJV6q03cG8C4JUNDlNKf-M1kinFmUjl9JA2QYrNboWXxJYlJn38w8Jh-0gq_RlM/s320/Mars%20-%20Bar%20Delight%20Figure%201%20USD509642S.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixsaXupPeNfY6KQjvik2qKnwo6WiOsCJE-NIAjNkuyExzPXHGlOGBezH7PJvFb_Qfg5qdmLpQFljhw9D_rW3k60fjWZ8RFWI0iM8KYlhsHg-BE4FUhLhrX4bzvf1md6n00U-gja9WSod5ybsxx48aUr4bnT1vbHHr3170FtuTwXa545o6refJJCjXhXgs/s1200/Mars%20-%20Bar%20Delight.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="630" data-original-width="1200" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixsaXupPeNfY6KQjvik2qKnwo6WiOsCJE-NIAjNkuyExzPXHGlOGBezH7PJvFb_Qfg5qdmLpQFljhw9D_rW3k60fjWZ8RFWI0iM8KYlhsHg-BE4FUhLhrX4bzvf1md6n00U-gja9WSod5ybsxx48aUr4bnT1vbHHr3170FtuTwXa545o6refJJCjXhXgs/w433-h227/Mars%20-%20Bar%20Delight.jpg" width="433" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></span><p></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Reference</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Mars Inc.<b> </b></span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2288bb; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://www.mars.com/about"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://www.mars.com/about</span></a></span></p></div>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-74130357797877510332023-10-22T19:48:00.090-07:002023-11-03T12:16:26.654-07:00Oh, patents! Twix bars<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><b> Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><i>Twix</i>, short for "twin sticks" was launched in 1965, more than half a century ago. <i>Twix</i> is a tale of two-candy-bars-in-one. The right bar and the left bar, each one a crunchy shortbread biscuit, topped with caramel, and dipped in milk chocolate. However, it’s not the recipe that is protected,</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span>nor the manufacturing process, it’s the ornamental design of the “twin sticks”, side-by-side, offering <i>more</i> than one bar in a single</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span>package, that is patented. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>The US design patent, </span><b><a href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/5d/3c/49/573bcd45039b20/USD575477.pdf">USD575477S</a></b><span>, titled </span><b><a href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/5d/3c/49/573bcd45039b20/USD575477.pdf">Confectionery</a></b><span>, was awarded on August 26, 2008 to a group of five inventors (one Austrian and </span></span><span style="font-family: arial;">four Dutch</span><span style="font-family: arial;">): Hugo Eitler, Bert Van Dijk, Jan Arts, Tineke Leijdens, and Nathalie Matysiak. A design patent that was subsequently assigned to Mars Inc., a multinational </span><span style="font-family: arial;">confectionary company that continues to produce <i>Twix</i> bars. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Below, the patent</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span><b><a href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/5d/3c/49/573bcd45039b20/USD575477.pdf">Figure 1</a></b> depicts a front perspective of the <i>Twix</i> bar design. The image of a marketed <i>Twix</i> bar pack is also included directly below the patent drawing.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTmipNStfB7aFhSP_cHdEyjn4SpbvRiDt9xCY-wjJvWfcG74NSo0ylUjkecbe9VvBHokTkdXYrj7i5I66z0LUPA59kQTYoxRRCDXF_KKXTCFSkdcw2cHVNiinq0w_gTiYYeqrY3IqKvtnPzMlrnopJ9EWoR-YNZbyhunJRbEexqb6tt1VkPQcYe2XHYGk/s538/TWix%20bar%20-%20Fig%201%20-%20USD575477S.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="538" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTmipNStfB7aFhSP_cHdEyjn4SpbvRiDt9xCY-wjJvWfcG74NSo0ylUjkecbe9VvBHokTkdXYrj7i5I66z0LUPA59kQTYoxRRCDXF_KKXTCFSkdcw2cHVNiinq0w_gTiYYeqrY3IqKvtnPzMlrnopJ9EWoR-YNZbyhunJRbEexqb6tt1VkPQcYe2XHYGk/w349-h227/TWix%20bar%20-%20Fig%201%20-%20USD575477S.jpg" width="349" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2ku2SCjGBhNkWKfSGTLReGagr0ekmoigISXD9gXftd3zMgs1qicBp-nxK7yG_cMqMhcZnzgT0LyY4oTwoNOwIOwVbSKHiFE9yj1YYGnNh7qJRdM8En5409T_STFZlG_F8T5RRKaOlwUprPW8XJfhqyCRzi0-5PG81zlTDko6qpiYao1Nxjj4bmloGf_4/s500/TWix%20bar%20-%20image.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="263" data-original-width="500" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2ku2SCjGBhNkWKfSGTLReGagr0ekmoigISXD9gXftd3zMgs1qicBp-nxK7yG_cMqMhcZnzgT0LyY4oTwoNOwIOwVbSKHiFE9yj1YYGnNh7qJRdM8En5409T_STFZlG_F8T5RRKaOlwUprPW8XJfhqyCRzi0-5PG81zlTDko6qpiYao1Nxjj4bmloGf_4/w350-h184/TWix%20bar%20-%20image.jpg" width="350" /></a></div><br /></span><p></p><p class="p1" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Reference</span></b></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Mars Inc.<b> </b></span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2288bb; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://www.mars.com/about"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://www.mars.com/about</span></a></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1953538173017754392.post-39509906559190868022023-10-20T17:27:00.002-07:002023-10-31T01:18:54.373-07:00Uh Oh! Tesla Pickleball Robot<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><b> Copyright © Françoise Herrmann</b></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="361" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/b9GqVehjqq4" width="476" youtube-src-id="b9GqVehjqq4"></iframe></div><br /><p></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Reference</b><br />Wonder Dynamics</span><div><a href="https://wonderdynamics.com/"><span style="font-family: arial;">https://wonderdynamics.com/</span></a></div>Francoise Herrmannhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00186449325765159120noreply@blogger.com0