Showing posts with label polymers. Show all posts
Showing posts with label polymers. Show all posts

Wednesday, July 16, 2014

Oh, patents! Non-adhesive chewing gum

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

 Got  dental work? Dentures? Fillings? Bridges? Partials? Retainers? Implants? Crowns?  Still want to chew gum? No worries… there is a patented chewing gum that won’t stick to  prostheses or any of your dental work…!

 US 4241091, titled Calorie-free non adhesive chewing gums and method  awarded to Life Savers Inc., resolved this issue a while back in 1980, with “a substantially calorie-free, carbohydrate-free, non-cariogenic chewing gum composition, which has a surprisingly large cud* volume for its size, and which will not adhere to natural or artificial teeth, or prosthetic devices”. This is achieved using a plant based “slip agent” in the composition, such as “alpha-cellulose, texturized vegetable protein, fish protein concentrate, citrus peel, citrus pulp, fruit pulp or mixtures thereof”, which imparts non-adhesive properties to the chewing gum.

This non-adhesive solution for chewing gum on dental work and dentures, however, remains an ineffective environmental one as the cud stays water insoluble and made of polymeric hydrocarbons which bond to asphalt and rubber shoes, making it both very expensive and difficult to remove in large pedestrian areas. (Refer to an earlier July 7, 2014 post on Chewing gum for a list of patents that address the chewing gum environmental issue).

Below you will find the abstract for US 4241091, titled Calorie-free non adhesive chewing gums and method, and above an image of Freedent gum, with the properties described in the patent.

A substantially calorie-free, non-carbohydrate, non-cariogenic, non-adhesive chewing gum is provided which does not adhere to dentures and includes gum base, substantially calorie-free sweetener, flavor, water, thickener, filler, softener and a slip agent for imparting non-adhesive properties to the gum, the slip agent being alpha-cellulose, texturized vegetable protein, fish protein concentrate, citrus peel, citrus pulp, fruit pulp or mixtures thereof. A method for imparting non-adhesive properties to chewing gum is also provided. The resulting chewing gum has significantly higher cud volume than heretofore known chewing gum of equivalent weight.

* Cud = what remains of the water insoluble portion of the gum. Cud volume matters especially for bubble gum since it is not possible to blow bubbles with small cuds.  

Friday, July 11, 2014

Oh, patents! Bubble gum…

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

So... there is chewing gum… and bubble gum… And bubble gum is especially sticky if it is to offer bubble forming capacity! The patent US4357355 titled Non-stick bubble gum base composition discloses a composition that is specially designed to both enhance the bubble- forming capacity and reduce the adhesive properties of the gum base.  Prior art apparently offered to remove the substances promoting stickiness such as elastomers, waxes or resins; or alternatively, to add a “slip agent” preventing adhesion, whereas this patent offers to do likewise without substantially changing the gum base formulations!

US4357355  was awarded to the 19th century Warner Lambert Co., in 1982, a company that was subsequently  acquired by Pfizer, and which had previously (circa 1962) acquired The American Chicle Company, manufacturer of Dentyne®, Chiclets® and Trident® gum. [Pfizer History]

Below appears the abstract for US4357355 titled Non-stick bubble gum base composition, where you might be surprised by the list of ingredients of this non-toxic vinyl polymer, which constitutes bubblegum!
 
And noblesse oblige…the image of a bubblegum bubble is also included!
 
Abstract US4357355 - A non-adhesive bubble gum base composition includes a high molecular weight vinyl polymer such as polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl alcohol, together with an emulsifier, in combination with ingredients such as an elastomer, an oleaginous plasticizer, an elastomer solvent, mineral adjuvants, fatty acids, and others. The emulsifier is preferably present in an amount with respect to the non-toxic vinyl polymer ranging from about 5 to 75% by weight. A method for the preparation of the bubble gum base composition is also disclosed which comprises preparing a homogeneous premixture of the non-toxic vinyl polymer and the emulsifier prior to combining non-toxic vinyl polymer with the remainder of the ingredients of the base composition. The base compositions prepared in accordance with the present invention are less sticky, and show improved film forming and bubble blowing capabilities.

Reference
Pfizer history