Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Oh, patents! The Bili-Hut™

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

Six million newborn do not receive the light therapy they need to breakdown the excess bilirubin in their blood when they develop severe cases of jaundice. They do not receive needed light therapy because this sort of treatment is usually delivered via large bulky tanks, at the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of equipped facilities, dedicated to maintaining and operating the equipment. It is essentially in response to this problematic situation that the Boston-based, Brigham & Women’s Hospital neonatologist, Dr. Donna Brezinski, developed the Bili-Hut™. The Bili-Hut™ is a portable, high-intensity phototherapy jaundice treatment device for neonates.

The Bili-Hut™, manufactured by Little Sparrows Technologies Inc., thus offers jaundice treatment at home or at the hospital, in a highly portable bassinet-type device that delivers high-intensity blue light therapy via the bassinet’s curved canopy of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The portability of the device is not only cost-effective in terms of reduced hospitalization costs, it also prevents interrupting the delicate bonding process between newborn infants and their mothers.

The Bili-Hut™ is also an invention that was granted the utility patent US9604072B2, titled Portable phototherapy device. The Bili-Hut™ is an improvement on the prior art, in that it is a portable and collapsible device. It does not require a special facility to operate. It is compatible with multiple sources of power (battery, photovoltaic or wired). Additionally, the device does not come into contact with the infant, which means that the infant remains accessible for care without restraints. The Bili-Hut™ is also inexpensive to manufacture, transport and ship. Thus, it is a device suited for use in the Third World.

The Abstract of this invention is included below, together with the patent Figure 1 drawing, and an image of a marketed embodiment of the Bili-Hut™. The patent Figure 1 depicts the shell or canopy (1) of the device, unlimited in shape, material or composition, as long as it is foldable (collapsible); the frame support (3) for the shell or canopy (1), also foldable or collapsible,  the circuitry (7) comprising conductive means of transmitting useable energy from the power source to the light source, in particular, “switches, timers, rheostats, potentiometers, transformers, resistors, capacitors, sensors, data recorders, and any number and variety of specialized integrated circuits and components known in the art”; the power source (8), referring to “any source capable of providing useable energy of a sufficient quality and quantity  to the light source of the phototherapy device, such that the light source emits a detectable amount of EMR (electromagnetic radiation)". The light source (inside the shell or canopy (1), depicted although unindexed in Figure 1, refers to "any source capable of emitting a detectable amount of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of any range or specificity of wavelength”, depending on the specifics of the phototherapeutic treatment required, and the patient. 
Disclosed is a portable phototherapy device capable of emitting electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength and intensity sufficient to obtain a desired phototherapeutic effect to a subject, without being in direct physical contact with said subject. The device is portable, capable of being flattened, folded, rolled, compressed, or otherwise collapsed, to a size Smaller than that of its operating size. The device may be of any size or shape, and may optionally comprise a frame support. The device may be powered by a variety of sources, including one or more batteries. The device may be configured to deliver electromagnetic radiation sufficient to obtain one or more of a variety of desired phototherapeutic effects. [Abstract US9604072B2]


Reference

Little Sparrows Technologies – Big Ideas for Little Babies

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Oh, patents! Child Vision™ Project variable focus lenses

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

The dearth of medical specialists in Third World countries is well documented (e.g.; at the WHO and the World Bank). For example, considering the ratio of 1:2 million optometrists per capita, in countries like Mali, it is estimated that an optometry appointment would take up to 200 years. In response to this crisis, the Child Vision Project, an Oxford University spin-off, distributes Harry Potter-looking spectacles with patented, fluid-filled and self-adjustable lenses, to youth 12 to 18 years in Third World countries, for less than one Euro ($1) per pair. 

The spectacles are equipped with a small wheel, on the temple of the frame. Adjusting the wheel, one way, pushes the fluid contained in a chamber between two plastic lenses outwards, creating convex plus lenses for longsighted people. Adjusting the wheel the other way, pushes the fluid inwards, creating concave minus lenses for shortsighted people.


Masterminded by physics Professor Joshua David Silver, at Oxford University in the UK, the many aspects of this invention are recited in several patent families. One member of the patent families is the US utility patent US7085065, titled Variable focus optical apparatus.

US7085065 recites a variable focus lens apparatus, suitable for spectacles, comprising a rigid lens and a flexible lens, forming a sealed chamber, wherein both lenses are secured with adhesive between two engaging rings, connected to the lens frame. The recited invention differs from the prior art of variable focus lenses, in that only one of the lenses is flexible, and the rings securing the two lenses do not have to be made of ductile material, even though they still have to be light and resistant enough for use in spectacles. This inventive aspect of the variable focus lens apparatus expands the range of possible materials used, while reducing the costs of production. The variable focus lens apparatus, thus designed for spectacles, is also suitable for lenses that are not necessarily circular. In this case, some cylindrical compensation for astigmatic errors, introduced in non-circular lenses, is carried over to the rigid lens.

Below, the abstract of this invention together with the patent Figure 2, depicting a cross-sectional view of a first preferred embodiment of the variable focus lens apparatus, suitable for spectacles. Specifically, the patent Figure 2 drawing shows the variable focus lens apparatus 10, comprising a rigid lens 22, and a flexible lens 16, forming the sealed cavity, in which clear fluid will be injected. The rigid lens 22 is secured with adhesive 24 to the rings 12 and 14. The flexible lens 16 is stretched tightly between the engaging rings 12 and 14, at the step point 18 on ring 12, and recessed point 20 on ring 14, as indexed on the right side of the apparatus, and shown on both sides.
A variable focus lens apparatus for use in spectacles or the like is formed from a fluid envelope comprising two sheets, at least one of which is flexible. The flexible sheet is retained in place between two rings, which are directly secured together. This may be by means of adhesive, ultrasonic welding, or any similar process. If the other sheet is rigid, then it may be directly secured to one of the rings. [Abstract US7085065]

References
Child vision Project
World Bank Data
Physicians, hospital beds, surgical specialists, midwives, health care workers  -- per 1000 people
WHO - World Health Report
https://www.who.int/whr/2006/overview/en/

Tuesday, January 21, 2020

Terminology: More ADS WOTTIES* 2019

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

The American Dialect Society elects WOTTIES* (Words of the Year) in six categories, beyond the WOTY (Word of the Year) Winner of them all category.  Below, the American Dialect Society WOTTIES (indicated with an asterisk), including shortlists, in the Society’s six surveyed categories: 1. Political word of the year, 2. Most useful/Most likely to succeed, 3. Slang / Informal word of the year, 4. Most creative, 5. Euphemism of the year and 6. Digital Word of the Year.

POLITICAL WORD OF THE YEAR
  • * quid pro quo: exchange of favors (central to Trump/Ukraine impeachment scandal)
  • #IMPOTUS: derogatory reference to Trump (IMPeached President Of The United States)
  • squad: nickname for four House Democrats (Reps. Ocasio-Cortez, Omar, Pressley, Tlaib)
  • Trumpschmerz: suffering induced by constant updates about the Trump administration
MOST USEFUL/MOST LIKELY TO SUCCEED
  • * ok boomer: retort to someone older expressing out-of-touch or condescending views
  • plant-based: made from plants, for food products marketed as meat alternatives
  • stan: to be devoted or enthusiastic about
  • zoomer: member of Generation Z
SLANG/INFORMAL WORD OF THE YEAR
  • * and I oop-: catchphrase of VSCO girls, expressing shock, surprise, or embarrassment (first used by drag queen Jasmine Masters)
  • hot girl summer: a call to live one’s best life (after Houston rapper Megan Thee Stallion)
  • zaddy: gender-neutral variation of “daddy” for an attractive older person with money
MOST CREATIVE
  • * nobody: phrasal template mocking someone providing an unsolicited opinion
  • (X)-curious: interested in something
  • gerrymeandering: drawing convoluted congressional district lines for political gain
  • sksksk: keysmash exclamation, expressing laughter, awkwardness, or amazement
EUPHEMISM OF THE YEAR
  • * people of means: rich people (used by Starbucks executive Howard Schultz)
  • freedom gas/molecules of U.S. freedom: natural gas (used by Energy Dept. officials)
  • Heckboy: Hellboy (used on the marquee of a Tennessee movie theater)
  • self-partnered: single (used by Emma Watson)
DIGITAL WORD OF THE YEAR
  • * imemoji representation of “impeach”
  •  : facts (pun on “fax machine” emoji)
  • VSCO girl: young woman who posts trendy pictures of herself on the VSCO photo app
_______
(1) WOTTIES - Acronym, rhymes with "potty". Plural of WOTY -  Word Of The Year. 

References
American Dialect Society
https://www.americandialect.org/
2019 Word of the Year is “(My) Pronouns, ” Word of the Decade is Singular “They” as voted by American Dialect Society. American Dialect Society Press Release, Jan 2, 2020

Monday, January 20, 2020

Terminology – ADS WOTTIES* 2019

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

For the past 30 years, the 131-year old American Dialect Society(ADS) has voted for the Word of the Year (WOTY) in several categories, on the occasion of the Society’s Annual Meeting,  held a the beginning of each year. This year is no exception, although the ADS also voted for the Word of the Decade. 

On both counts, the ADS voted for the emerging gender-inclusiveness of the English language, recognizing speech that expresses the multiplicity of identifies beyond binary “he” or “she”. Indeed, the ADS selected (My) pronouns as the Word of the Year 2019, and they/them (singular use) as Word of the Decade (2010-2019).  Two terms that beckon explanations in their bid for urgent inclusion in everyone’s idiolect.

The term (My) pronouns is most extensively described on the website www.mypronouns.org . In a nutshell, the term (My) pronouns refers to the additional specification of pronominal preferences, when introducing one’s self. The specification of pronominal preferences when introducing one’s self or calling for introductions (e.g.; My name is Françoise, my pronoun is “she”, or “Please share your name and personal pronouns”) first arose in the LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender) community as a way of resolving the arbitrariness of masculine/feminine third-person pronouns, remaining in the English language, and the assumptions held when mapping such arbitrariness, into contexts of gender fluidity, and onto other nonbinary, non-conforming categories of gender.

Specification of (My) pronouns is satisfactory to both speakers and interlocutors. Speakers are assured of being correctly addressed, including according to their preferences, while interlocutors are able to avoid missteps and errors. For example, beyond the LGBT community, (My) pronouns, is also most helpful to people with foreign names, the gender of which might appear a total mystery. Likewise, adding pronoun specification to an email sign-off (e.g.; Mackenzie, pronoun “he”), will also prevent much hesitation, alternatively  confusion about gender address, for all the people with fashionable gender-neutral names of the decade, such as: Tracy, Cameron, Charlie , Sidney , Robin, Murphy, Tatum, Noah, Perry, Alex, Addison, Sterling, Bailey, Bobbie, Chris, Jesse, Sam, Taylor,  etc…

Singular use of they/them and themself, the ADS-elected Word of the Decade, refers to one of the pronominal preferences crafted in the LGBT, non-binary, gender nonconforming community, used to express identity. A use that arises, precisely in an effort to promote gender-inclusive language use.

Incidentally, (My)pronouns, and the singular use of they/them is much more complicated in languages that are grammatically inflected for gender beyond pronouns. (Vincent, 2019 - Le Monde) French, for example, is inflected for the masculine and feminine in third person pronouns (singular and plural), adjectives, verbs and nouns! The noun “nurse”, for example, translates as infirmier (masculine) and infirmière (feminine),  which means that new gender inclusive inflections also need to be crafted for certain nouns. In turn, according to the same principle, it also follows that new gender-inclusive inflections have to be crafted for adjectives and verbs.

Below, the shortlists for just the ADS Word of the Year and Word of the Decade categories.

WORD OF THE YEAR (2019)
  • * (my) pronouns: introduction for sharing one’s set of personal pronouns 
  • ok boomer: retort to someone older expressing out-of-touch or condescending views
  • cancel: withdraw support from someone considered problematic or unacceptable
  • Karen: stereotype of a complaining, self-important white woman, typically a member of Generation X (also “Generation Karen”)
WORD OF THE DECADE (2010-2019)
  • * they: gender-neutral singular pronoun for a known person, particularly as a nonbinary identifier
  • #BlackLivesMatter: expression of protest over police violence against African Americans
  • climate: used in phrases related to the impact of climate change, including “climate crisis,climate emergency,” and “climate strike”
  • emoji: small icon in electronic communication, used to convey information or emotional attitude, or as a playful substitution for words
  • meme: a shared cultural item in the form of a phrase, image, or video circulated online, often with humorous, creative alterations
  • #MeToo: expression of solidarity for women surviving sexual assault or harassment (coined by Tarana Burke)
  • opioid crisis: epidemic of opioid-related drug overdoses across the U.S.
  • selfie: a photograph that one takes of oneself, typically with a digital camera and shared on social media
  • woke: socially aware, especially about issues of racial and social justice (also used negatively to mock ostensibly enlightened attitudes)
__________
*WOTTIES – Plural of WOTY (Word of the Year). Rhymes with “potty”.

Reference
2019 Word of the Year is “(My) Pronouns, ” Word of the Decade is Singular “They” as voted by American Dialect Society. American Dialsect Society Press Release, Jan 2, 2020

Sunday, January 19, 2020

Oh, patents! The Litter-Robot® @ CES 2020

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

Got a little cat? Dread the litter chores? You couldn’t be the only one! Automated Pet Care Product Inc., made  waves at CES 2020 with the self-cleaning Litter-Robot®. Now, a connected device that comes with a “no-scoop promise” and 90-day money-back guarantee, just in case you might not be 100% fully satisfied.

How does the Litter-Robot® work? A rotating globe-shaped litter chamber automatically separates clumps from the rest of the litter, depositing them in a carbon-filtered drawer beneath the globe-shaped litter chamber. The Litter-Robot® then alerts the pet-owner, when the drawer has filled to capacity. With a capacity of approx 12,000 cm3 the carbon-filtered waste drawer might not have to be emptied for several days. End of scooping.  



As advertised, the Litter-Robot® sifting process is patented. This invention is recited in the US utility patent US9433185B2, titled Automated litter device and method. The invention arises in response to problems of the prior art in automated litter boxes. Prior art problems, such as automated raking systems that get stuck and soiled, or systems with covered litter chambers that do not offer enough space or light for the pet within. Thus, the Litter-Robot® invention comprises a sifting process, using a screen to separate waste and clumps from the unused litter, for evacuation from the litter chamber, during rotation, leaving a clean bed of litter after every use. The litter-Robot® invention also comprisesa litter chamber that is both well lighted (1) and large enough to accommodate the comfortable movement of a pet, up to about 12 kgs (approx. 25 lbs). Indeed the rotation axis of the litter chamber is even adjustable, for the purposes of increasing the usable space inside the litter chamber. 

The invention also comprises an auto-shutoff system that prevents the pet from getting pinched, caught, or injured by any of the moving parts. A  weight sensor, located beneath the chamber, is designed to capture the slightest difference in litter mass, ensuring that waste is always removed, and the pet is never in contact with any of the waste. Another sensor, located within the litter drawer beneath the chamber, is designed both to measure the level of waste, and prevent the litter box from rotating, once the drawer is full.

Among many unique aspects of the invention, the 29-page patent recites a support base with a rotating chamber on top; a step enabling the pet to enter and exit the Litter-Robot®, a step cleaning device to catch litter upon exit, and a lip at the entrance of the chamber, also designed to prevent litter from exiting. The patent also recites an electronics assembly housed in the support base of the device, and one or more isolated compartments for the mechanical and/or electronics parts, enabling to set, reset or otherwise drive and control the device.

For example, one or more, liquid or solid-protected, control panels are described, comprising empty and reset buttons. The empty button causes all the litter to empty into the waste-collection drawer. The reset or add litter button causes the weight sensor to reset a baseline for detecting changes in weight, after new litter has been added, while also preventing a cleaning cycle from being initiated. Likewise, the mechanical gear and motor assemblies, driving the litter chamber rotation, are described. A description that includes the requirements to house assemblies in sealed compartments, preventing fumes, vapors and/or moisture from entering, and damaging their function.

The abstract of this invention is included below, together with the patent Figure 5, showing a cross-sectional view of the Litter-Robot®. Specifically, the Figure 5 drawing shows the Litter-Robot® device 2, with a bonnet 80, covering the litter chamber 20, that rotates on the axis 28, at an approximately 80-degree angle with the vertical plane 4. The chamber 20 is positioned on the support base 100, designed with a weight sensor 106, connected to a rear compression member 108, intended to measure the litter mass. The base 100 includes the waste drawer 150, together with a waste receptacle area 156.

A device comprising: a support base and a chamber, located on the support base, having an entry opening so that an animal can enter and exit the chamber; wherein the chamber includes an axis of rotation that forms an angle of about 80 degrees or less with a vertical plane.                  [Abstract US9433185B2] 
_____
Note: (1)The Latest Litter-Robot® model is even equipped with an automatic nightlight for elderly pets.

Reference
T
he Litter-Robot®

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Oh, patents! SmartyPans @ CES 2020

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

SmartyPans Inc., a brother-sister, engineer-nutritionist team, is the recipient of a CES 2020 Innovation Award. The company produced the first smart cooking pan appliances, connected via Bluetooth® to your mobile devices and computer. 

What can a SmartyPan do for you that no other kitchen pots or pans can do?

The short answer is “lots”! Indeed, once connected to the SmartyPans app, the SmartyPan has weight sensors that measure the weight of each ingredient added to the pan. This way measuring cups and scales are no longer needed to carry out the recipe. The SmartyPan also has a temperature sensor, measuring the ambient temperature of the cooking environment, which together with the weight sensors, provide accurate nutrition calorie information, in real-time. 

The SmartyPan records recipe steps as you go, using the weight, temperature and cooking time information it collects inside the pan. This way, if you usually feel your way through a recipe, or are watching someone cook without measurements, the Smartypan will quantify the weight, temperature and cooking time of the ingredients.  In turn, you will also be able to share with friends, or store, the recorded recipe information, including a photo, without ever committing any of it to a file or recipe card. 

Conversely, the SmartyPan gives you step-by-step instructions for recipes via the SmartyPans app, a bit like a cooking GPS. In other words, the SmartyPan is also designed to interactively teach you how to cook. Alternatively, it is designed to keep you company with its instructions and connectivity, so that you are no longer cooking alone. Finally, the SmartyPan app syncs seamlessly, via its Bluetooth® technology, with fitness trackers, so you can stick to nutrition/calorie goals.   

The pan includes a ceramic, non-stick, cooking insert, and a rechargeable base, wired through the handle, which houses the electronic passembly and antenna.  The SmartyPan measures 10-inches in diameter, and is compatible with gas, electric and induction top ranges.  It is made of medical-grade aluminum, and extreme high-temperature-resistant plastic (on the handle). It is available in vibrant orange, red, and black colors. SmartyPans retail for $229.

The SmartyPans invention is recited in the US patent application US20160066744A1, titled Cooking device and system having a pre-cook mode and a cook mode operable to facilitate recipe-based food preparation. The patent recites both the SmartyPan hardware with its functionalities, and the app that controls the SmartyPan hardware, before, during, and after cooking. For example, the app is designed to generate an estimated cooking end-time for the recipe data received, that adjusts, depending on information sensed in the cooking environment. Likewise, the app is able to determine, using the sensed data received from the pan, whether the ingredient requirements of the recipe are satisfied, as each ingredient is added incrementally on the cooking surface of the pan. The app is also designed, for example, to generate an alert during cooking of the meal, when conditions sensed within the cooking environment do not fulfill the requirements of the recipe.


The Abstract of this invention is included below, together with the patent Figure 3, showing an exploded view of the SmartyPan, and the patent Figure 18, showing an interface of the SmartyPans app. An image of a marketed SmartyPan embodiment of the invention is also included above.

The exploded Fig. 3 view of the SmartyPan shows the pan body (12), forming a cavity, into which the cooking container (20) fits; a sensor assembly (39) at the base (18) of the pan body (12), and pan body couplers (71) and (73) used for coupling the pan handle (14) to the side of the pan body (12).

Fig.18 displays, on a graphical interface (79) of the SmartyPans app, the progress indicator bar (82) for onion ingredient deposit, on the cooking surface. The bar indicates incremental progress (84), towards fulfilling the amount of the ingredient that is required for the recipe. In this case, only 0.84 oz of the required 12 oz have been added to the pan. 
A cooking device includes, in one embodiment, a body and a cooking surface. The body defines a cavity. One or more sensors are located within the cavity. The cooking device also includes a processor operable to receive recipe requirements, determine whether an ingredient which has been deposited onto the cooking Surface satisfies the recipe requirements, and generate an alert during the cooking of the meal. The alert prompts a change in a cooking environment to satisfy the recipe requirements. 
[Abstract US20160066744A1]

References
CES2020
SmartyPans  Inc. (Website)
SmartyPans Inc. (Blog)

Sunday, January 5, 2020

Oh, patents! HAP2U @ CES 2020

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann
 
HAP2U* is a Grenoble-based, French Tech company, winner of a CES (Computer Electronics Show) 2020 Innovation Award in the Virtual & Augmented Reality category, for the HAP2U mobile phone technology.

The HAP2U mobile phone technology raises the bar on haptics, the science of touch-driven interfaces. Indeed, the HAP2U mobile phone technology is the first to offer third dimension touch sensations for the objects appearing onscreen. Whether it is a scally fish, or a scratchy scrub sponge, the user can feel it on screen. Believe it or not! Imagine now, what a HAP2U-enhanced touch-driven interface could do for long-distance romance, for couples who could touch each other, remotely!

There is more to the augmented user experience of HAP2U-enhanced, touch-driven interfaces. HAP2U innovators are haptic experts. They have also integrated haptic interfaces, into surfaces other than glass, such as wood, metal, and plastic surfaces.

HAP2U technology is patented. The company has an IP Queen on board. For example, the patent application US20190354185Al, titled Touch interface including a force sensor, recites the detection of touch on a contact surface, and a processing unit designed to quantify the touch force, exerted on the contact surface of the interface. This invention arises in the prior art context of interface haptics, where only the presence, or absence, of touch could be detected via capacitance, without the frequency-dependent quantification of the touch force, exerted on the contact surface.

The English abstract of this invention, recited in a family of 8 patents, is included below, together with two patent drawings, Figures 2A and 2B. The two patent figures, 2A and 2B, illustrate how a signal is obtained via attenuation of plate (2) vibrations, upon contact of a finger (5). Figure 2A shows the vibrating resonance of the plate (2), untouched by the finger (5). The amplitude of the flexural wave (4) is the reference amplitude [Aref]. Figure 2B shows the attenuated vibrating resonance of an interface plate (2) under the finger (5) force (F). Attenuation of the flexural wave (4) results in decreased vibration amplitude [A(t)] at a given frequency of time. In turn, the decreased vibration amplitude [A(t)] is each time compared to the reference resonance [Aref], yielding an amplification difference or ratio, which corresponds to the detected signal [SΔ(t)] (i.e.; the attenuation produced by the finger (5)). Finally, the magnitude of the force applied on the contact surface is estimated, based on the detected signals, and a calibration function.  
The invention is a touch interface having a contact surface that is able to be touched by an effector, a finger for example. The interface includes actuating transducers, piezoelectric transistors for example, allowing a standing flexural wave to be formed, in a resonant mode, extending over the length of the slab. The interface includes a detector for measuring the amplitude of the wave, and a detecting circuit for determining an attenuation signal, when the contact surface is touched by an effector. It includes a processing circuit for estimating a magnitude of the force exerted by the effector on the contact surface. [Abstract US20190354185Al] 
The Youtube video below, a HAP2U demonstration, shows various sorts of HAP2U-enhanced touch-sensitive interfaces. The first application shows a HAP2U-enhanced scally fish interface. The second application, requiring the user to press a virtual button, demonstrates an embodiment of the invention recited in US20190354185Al, concerning finger force applied to a virtual button. The finger force exerted on the button is visually quantified in a vertical indicator bar, where the length of the bar varies with the measured magnitude of the force.

_____
*The name of the company HAP2U comes for the Ancient Greek word ἅπτομαι (haptomai), meaning touch.

References
CES2020
HAP2U (website)