Sunday, May 29, 2022

Oh, patents! Beddit® sleep monitor

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

Want to sleep better? Not alone in your bed? Beddit® was specifically designed for sleepers sharing beds, considering that other sleep trackers will pick up information from another person sharing the same bed.

The Beddit® monitor was designed as a very sensitive sensor strip that is placed on the mattress, rather than worn by individual users. Beddit® continuously sends the data it collects to a mobile device, via Bluetooth® connection,. In turn, the Beddit® app executes to analyze the data, in view of providing users with feedback, and tips on how to improve their sleep.

In particular, Beddit® provides users with feedback on whether they are meeting their sleep goals, for example, in terms of the amount of sleep and their bedtime. Beddit® also monitors the amount of time before falling asleep, user heart and breathing rates, during sleep; ambient room temperature and humidity, and the amount of time spent snoring, or out of bed. Users, for their part, are able to rate their sleep with a “morning feeling” rating. The collected data appears to users as results, viewable daily, or as trends. In turn, using suitable algorithms, the results are converted to indicators, for example, of good health, or of poor sleep, which are then returned to the user, in the form of tips.

In 2017, Apple purchased Beddit® from the Finnish company that designed the monitor. The Beddit® invention sensors, together with the Beddit® app, were granted several US utility patents. In particular, the US utility patent US11298075B2, titled Physiological Monitoring Method and System, was recently granted, on April 12, 2022, to the Finnish inventors, and assigned to Apple Inc.

The patent particularly addresses the issue of simultaneously monitoring the sleep physiology of two subjects, sharing the same bed, considering that the problems of prior art sleep sensors relate to picking up signals from more than one person, when there is more than one person in the bed. A problematic situation of the prior art, which is also compounded by the need for unobtrusiveness. Indeed, sophisticated prior art physiological monitoring systems exist, subsuming the use of radars, cameras and multiple sensors. However, such systems are hardly feasible, especially under normal sleep conditions without light.

The abstract of the invention is included below, together with the Figure 1 patent drawing, showing an embodiment of the system components of the invention. In particular, the Figure 1 drawing depicts the system 100, comprising a control unit 150, and at least a first and second, unobtrusive, elongated sensor strips 120a and 120b, on the bed 110, used for monitoring two, non-depicted, subjects. The two, unobtrusive, sensor strips 120a and 120b are multichannel force sensors, comprising several separate sensor elements, designed to measure breathing, heart rate and movement, respectively of the persons in the bed.

The control unit 150 comprises, non-depicted, items such as processors, memory units, communication circuits, I/O (input/output) units, user interface units, connectors and antennas. The control unit 150 further comprises means of communicating with the unobtrusive sensor strips, using a wireless Bluetooth® local area network (WLAN). Finally, the control unit 150 is implemented as an app on devices such as smartphones, tablets, computers or televisions.

An image of the marketed Beddit® system components, the sensor strip and app executing on mobile devices, is also included below.


A method, and system of physiological monitoring, include measuring a quantity relating to a first subject with a first sensor positioned in or in proximity of the first subject and configured to provide a first signal , measuring a quantity relating to a second subject with a second sensor positioned in or in proximity of the second subject and configured to provide a second signal , and analyzing the first and the second signal and the interrelation of the first and second signal in order determine at least one event relating to the first and/or the second subject. [Abstract US11298075B2]
Reference
Beddit® - https://www.beddit.com/

Friday, May 27, 2022

Oh, patents! Kenzo™ Kalifornia bag

 Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

Combining West Coast attitude with Parisian chic, the Kenzo™ Kalifornia bag was awarded the US design patent USD758721, titled Handbag. Below, the patent Figure 1, together with an image of one of the marketed Kenzo™ Kalifornia bag models.

The broken lines of the patent drawing are specified as an "environment that forms no part of the claimed design". As a result, variation might exist, for example, in the design of the strap, which might be made of canvas, leather, or metal chain, and of varying lengths.

As a reminder: “a utility patent” protects the way an article is used and works (35 U.S.C. 171), while a “design patent” protects the way an article looks (35 U.S.C. 171) [MPEP Chapt. 1502.01; [R-07.2015]].

  



References

KENZO™
www.kenzo.com

USPTO - MPEP – Chapt. 1502-01 – Distinction between design and utility patent.
https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s1502.html

Thursday, May 26, 2022

Oh, patents! Kenzo™ Tiger sneakers

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

Awarded the US design patent USD851869S1, titled Shoe, Kenzo™ tiger sneakers come in many different models. The mosaic below shows the patent Figures 1 and 2, together with a variety of different marketed Kenzo™ Tiger sneakers for men and women.

As a reminder, “a utility patent” protects the way an article is used and works (35. U.S.C. 101), while a “design patent” protects the way an article looks (35 USC 171) [MPEP Chapt. 1502.01; [R-07.2015]].


References
Kenzo

USPTO - MPEP – Chapt. 1502-01 – Distinction between design and utility patent
https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s1502.html

Wednesday, May 25, 2022

Terminology - Pandemic profiteering (profiteurs de la crise sanitaire)

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

Pandemic profiteering no more, according to The Guardian, reporting on the historic Healthier World initiative announced, at this year’s ongoing World Economic Forum (WEF), held in Davos, Switzerland. An initiative designed to implement the not-for-profit sale of patented medicines and vaccines to 45 low, and lower-middle-income countries. In other words, sales to more than 1.2 billion people, in countries like Afghanistan, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic,  Eritrea, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Somalia and Sudan. Countries with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, hovering around 500 current US$, compared to the USA GDP per capita, for example, hovering around 60,000 current US$. (World Bank Data) Below, a YouTube video of Albert Bourla, CEO of Pfizer, announcing the Healthier World initiative, at the WEF.


The initiative was spearheaded by Pfizer, with the knowledge that other large pharmaceutical companies would follow suit. Accused of pandemic profiteering, after having accumulated 15 billion dollars in profits, in the first three months following the sale of COVID-19-related medications, Pfizer's initiative appears as a significant breakthrough, in an almost 100-year patenting problem. 

The problem of inequitable access to therapies and vaccines, locked in patented price monopolies, that 19th-century public health officials, and European patent lawmakers, had already anticipated, having initially banned pharmaceutical drugs from the European patenting system of the late 1800s. A problem that was later also selectively circumvented, in the 1950s, when the push for patented pharmaceutical drugs finally succeeded, and individual inventors, such as Jonas Salk, who developed the first safe and effective vaccine against polio, refused to file for a patent. A move that Albert Sabin would also later follow, at the end of the 1960s, when he also refused to patent the oral polio vaccine that he had developed. 

At a rate of almost 60,000 polio cases per year, in the US alone, in the 1950s, affecting mostly children, and hundreds of thousands more children worldwide, the inventors' refusal to patent their inventions saved countless children from living crippled lives of irreversible paralysis. As a result today, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), as few as 33 cases of polio are reported worldwide. (WHO Fact Sheet)

If talk of pandemic silver linings sends shivers down your spine, because there cannot be silver linings to what caused more than 1 million deaths in the US alone, and more than 5 million deaths worldwide, then the Pfizer initiative for a Healthier World, at the 2022 WEF in Davos, might be framed in another perspective. A well-documented view of the world as interconnected, which became shockingly clear to everyone, during the COVID-19 pandemic, where the coronavirus knew no borders. (Think Global Health)

 
References

Hart, R. (May 25, 2022). Pfizer offers low-cost drugs and vaccines, including COVID treatments to world's poorest countries. Forbes
Kollewe, J.  (May 25, 2022).  Pfizer to offer all of its drugs not-for-profit to 45 lower-income countries. The Guardian 
The World Health Organization (WHO) – Fact sheet on Polyomyelitis
Think Global Health - The coronavirus knows no borders. 
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD
World Economic Forum (WEF), May 22-26, 2022

Tuesday, May 24, 2022

Oh, patents! UFO by Kenzo™

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

Unidentified Fragrance Object (UFO) by Kenzo™ was a very limited series perfume, launched in 2009. The floral, woody, musky perfume was created by Aurélien Guichard, master perfumer from father to son, graduate of the legendary 250-year-old French Givaudan Perfumery School, where his father is the current Director. The infinity symbol perfume bottle, no less unusually stunning, was created by the Israeli industrial designer, and architect, Rod Arad.

The perfume bottle was awarded the US design patent USD653954S1, titled Flask for perfumery bottle, on February 14, 2012, and assigned to Kenzo, in Paris France. As a reminder, “a utility patent” protects the way an article is used and works (35. U.S.C. 101), while a “design patent” protects the way an article looks (35 USC 171) [MPEP Chapt. 1502.01; [R-07.2015]].

Below, the cover sheet drawing of the patent, together with an image of the  UFO by Kenzo™. The patent drawing depicts the front left side view of the flask with a mirror image right side, and a top-down view of the flask.



References

Givaudan Perfumery School
https://www.givaudan.com/fragrance-beauty/perfumery-school

Kenzo
 Parfums
https://www.kenzoparfums.com/fr/en/home

Matière Première (Aurélien Guichard)
https://matiere-premiere.com/

Ron Arad
http://www.ronarad.co.uk/home/

USPTO - MPEP – Chapt. 1502-01 – Distinction between design and utility patent
https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s1502.html

Sunday, May 22, 2022

News from planet Mars

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

On May 4, 2022, the Mars InSight Lander seismometer recorded a long-awaited “big one”. A marsquake measuring 5 on the Richter scale. The largest quake recorded on another planet, though far below the largest quakes recorded on planet Earth. The Mars InSight Lander seismometer is part of the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) payload that was sent to Mars. Together with other mission instruments, SEIS is also the first Mars exploration instrument that was taken off the deck of the lander, and placed on the surface of Mars. Thus, the Martian seismometer has a dome, shielding it against heat, wind and dust on Mars. See the photo below of the InSight lander, showing deployment of the SEIS dome, on the Maritan surface, at the onset of the mission in 2018, and the (dustless) solar panels on each side of the lander.



InSight is an acronym for Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport. The mission’s robotic spacecraft, launched on May 5, 2018 from the Vandenberg Air Force Base, in California, on an Atlas V launch system, landed on November 26, 2018, at the Elysium Planitia site, straddling the Martian equator. The InSight spacecraft was launched with two CubeSats, called Mars Cube One or MarCOs. Briefcase-size satellites that went into orbit behind the Insight Space capsule, and that were designed to relay communication about the Insight spacecraft, upon entry, descent, and landing on the Martian surface.

The scientific purposes of the InSight mission were twofold: 1. Understanding the formation and evolution of Mars, and 2. Determining the level of tectonic activity on Mars. Thus, the InSight mission was the first mission designed to study the inner core of planet Mars, formed 4.5 billion years ago, and its vital signs: pulse (seismic activity), temperature (heat flow), and reflexes (precision tracking).

Using radio frequencies, the Rotation and Interior Structure Experiment (RISE) antennas were designed to track the exact position of the InSight lander on Mars. The RISE instruments reflected back the signal sent from Earth to the lander, thus also determining the exact position of Mars. In turn, tracking the position of Mars was designed to calculate how much the planet Mars wobbles, as it orbits the sun. A calculation intended to bring further insight into the composition and structure of the Mars core, particularly the question of whether the Mars core is solid or liquid.

The Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3) was designed to burrow, almost 16 feet deep into the surface of Mars, to measure heat flow, from the core to the surface of Mars. However, the instrument malfunctioned, due to the unanticipated differences in Martian soil properties, which prevented the tool from boring into the soil, to reach any depth.

Weather instruments, the Temperature and Winds for InSight (TWINS) suite, onboard the InSight lander, also relayed meteorological data from Mars (1).

The May 4th marsquake was recorded on the 1,222nd Martian day, or sol, of the InSight Lander mission. A mission scheduled to end in December 2022, due to dwindling power supply, unrenewed by the solar panels, now thickly covered with Martian soil dust. The Youtube video below shows a seismograph and sonification of the signals recorded on May 4th, on Mars, using the Mars Insight lander seismometer.  


Note
(1) The SEIS and HP3 instruments were essentially provided by the European Space Agency, bringing together the French Aerospace Agency, (CNES), the Institut de Physique du Globe de l'Université de Paris (IPGP), the German Aerospace Center (DLR), the German Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), as well as the Imperial College (in the UK) and the Space Research Center (CBK) of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Astronika. The RISE instruments were provided by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL).

Reference
NASA Insight Lander Mission
https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/

NASA’s Insight records monster quake on Mars
https://mars.nasa.gov/news/9185/nasas-insight-records-monster-quake-on-mars/

NASA Mars Insight Mission: The Instruments
https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/spacecraft/instruments/summary/

NASA Mars Insight Mission: The Instruments - RISE
https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/spacecraft/instruments/rise/

NASA NASA Mars Insight Mission: The Instruments – SEIS
https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/spacecraft/instruments/seis/

NASA Mars Insight Mission: The Instruments – HP
https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/spacecraft/instruments/hp3/

NASA Mars Weather
https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/weather/

Wednesday, May 18, 2022

Terminology: Stagflation

 Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

The term ‘stagflation’, a portmanteau term combining economic stagnation and high inflation, is back, according to Ben Bernanke, former Chair of the US Federal Reserve (2006-2014), and famous US economist. A term that spells trouble, but not dramatic trouble, and that probably only needed to be uttered once to go viral, considering in whose discourse it was embedded (Bavarez, 2022). 

What ‘stagflation’ means, according to Bernanke, who incidentally just published a book titled: 21st Century Monetary Policy: The Federal Reserve from the Great Inflation to Covid-19, is that the US economy is entering a period of slow growth, similar to the 70s, with high (but not runaway) inflation, and employment up just enough to prevent a tailspin recession (Ross Sorkin, 2022). After the unprecedented pandemic economic standstill, with great-depression unemployment rates, unparalleled government support packages, preventing a complete collapse of the economy, the current supply and demand bottlenecks, and the war in Ukraine, dashing hopes for a spectacular recovery, ‘stagflation’ might not be too catastrophic, as long as it is just temporary, and the world is not teetering on the brink of anything else. 


References

Bernanke, B. (2022). 21st Century Monetary Policy: The Federal Reserve from the Great Inflation to Covid-19. New York NY: W.W. Norton & Company.

Ross Sorkin, A. (May 16, 2022). Ben Bernanke sees ‘stagflation’ ahead. The NYTImes. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/16/business/ben-bernanke-predicts-stagflation.html

Baverez, N. (May 16, 2022). Stagflation : « Back to the seventies ». LePoint.fr https://www.lepoint.fr/editos-du-point/nicolas-baverez/stagflation-back-to-the-seventies-16-05-2022-2475695_73.php

Thursday, May 5, 2022

Oh, patents! Apple® Smart Keyboard Folio

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

The Apple® Smart Keyboard Folio design was granted the US Design patent USD906340S1 titled Cover. The Apple® Smart Keyboard Folio offers a lightweight accessory keyboard for on-the-go typing, on various Ipad models, and doubles as a front and back cover for the Ipad, when the user is not typing. 

Below, the patent Figure 1 drawing showing a front view of the design, together with an image of the marketed product. Note that the dashed and dot-dashed lines indicate all that is excluded from the claimed design. As a result, this design patent actually only covers the design of the smart keyboard, functioning as protection for the Ipad.



As a reminder: “a utility patent” protects the way an article is used and works (35 U.S.C. 101) , while a “design patent” protects the way an article looks (35 U.S.C. 171) [MPEP Chapt. 1502.01; [R-07.2015]].

References

Apple https://www.apple.com/

Apple Ipad Keyboards https://www.apple.com/ipad-keyboards/ 

USPTO - MPEP – Chapt. 1502-01 – Distinction between design and utility patent.
https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s1502.html