Wednesday, March 30, 2022

Oh, patents! Starbucks® chewing gum tins

 Françoise © Herrmann

Starbucks® chewing gum tins were awarded the design patent USD471804, titled Chewing gum tin, on March 18, 2003.  No longer marketed, no wonder the small (1¼" x ¾" x 3⅛"), vintage, after coffee chewing gum tins have become a collector’s item on eBay, retailing for 50$ a piece, or more.

As a reminder a design patent covers the ornamental aspects of an invention, or how the invention looks. In contrast, a utility patent covers the functional and manufacturing aspects of an invention, or how the invention works (MPEP Chapt. 1502.01). 

Below, three of the patent drawings, depicting a front perspective view of the chewing gum tin design (Fig. 1), a back perspective view (Fig.2), and a front perspective view with the lid open (Fig. 3). Below the patent figure drawings of the Starbucks® chewing gum tin, an image of two, vintage, Starbucks® after coffee, chewing gum tins, respectively peppermint and cinnamon.  




References

Starbucks® Coffee Company https://www.starbucks.com/

USPTO MPEP – Chapt. 1502-01 – Distinction between design and utility patent.
https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s1502.html

Tuesday, March 29, 2022

Oh, patents! Starbucks® strawless lids

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

An estimated 150 million metric tons of plastic pollute the earth’s oceans with 8 million metric tons added each year (Jordan, 2018). Ocean plastics pollution is the issue that Starbucks® targeted, in particular, with the design of recyclable strawless lids. Even if straws admittedly only represent 1% of the plastic waste dumped into the ocean, straws are too light to be recycled (they fall off conveyor belts), ending up in landfills where they take 500 years to decompose (Ocean Consevancy video). Their size also causes some of the most insidious damage to sea creatures, since they are ingestible, and sometimes only partially, which causes obstructions (Parker, 2018). 

As part of the Starbucks® larger goal to reduce its environmental footprint, the company has partnered with the Ocean Conservancy’s International Coastal Cleanup, which removed 1 million straws from beaches and waterways in 2019. Starbucks® is also part of the Ocean Conservancy’s Fighting for Trash Free Seas Alliance®, targeting corporations to stop the flow of trash as its source

The strawless lid is made from polypropylene, which meets the Association of Plastic Recyclers design guidelines for recyclability, and can be recycled in many markets in the U.S. and Canada. The Starbucks® lid is standard on all iced coffee, tea, espresso beverages, and Starbucks Refreshers®. The strawless lid is modeled after the lid customers will recognize from Starbucks® hot drinks, and has approximately nine percent less plastic than the flat lid and straw, historically used for iced beverages. The sipping opening of the lid also comes in various widths, depending on the consistency of the beverage, with wider openings intended for thicker cold foam beverages (Starbucks Staff, 2020). 

The strawless lid was awarded the US design patent USD720616, titled Lid. As a reminder, a design patent covers the ornamental aspects of an invention, or how the invention looks. In contrast, a utility patent covers the functional and manufacturing aspects of an invention, or how the invention works (MPEP Chapt. 1502.01).

The Figure 1 patent drawing is included below together with an image of Starbucks® strawless lid, fitted on several Starbucks® cold beverages.



References

Jordan, B. (Sept. 18, 2018). Do plastic straws really make a difference? Stanford Earth Matters Magazine.
https://earth.stanford.edu/news/do-plastic-straws-really-make-difference#gs.w3eo3

Ocean Conservancy - Fighting for Trash Free Seas Alliance®.
https://oceanconservancy.org/trash-free-seas/plastics-in-the-ocean/trash-free-seas-alliance/

Ocean Conservancy - Here's how plastic straws are wrecking out oceans. YouTube video. 
https://youtu.be/gAm8eNL8XjQ

Parker, L. (Feb. 23, 2018). Straw wars: The Fight to Rid the Oceans of Discarded Plastic. 
 https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/article/plastic-straws-ocean-trash-environment

Staff (Sept. 10, 2020). Strawless lids now available across the US and Canada.
https://stories.starbucks.com/press/2020/starbucks-strawless-lids-now-available-across-the-u-s-and-canada/

USPTO MPEP – Chapt. 1502-01 – Distinction between design and utility patent.
https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s1502.html

Monday, March 28, 2022

Trademarked - The Starbucks logo

 Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

Unless you live in Seattle, Washington, Starbucks' birthplace in 1971, now headquarters for the world’s largest coffeehouse chain, you might not have heard of the Siren, or even recognized her as the “green mythological creature who’s staring into your soul as you drink your latte” (Flandreau, 2016). She is at the center of the company logo, printed on all Starbucks cups. Consider looking more closely, and you will notice two fish tales curling up on each side of the female figure, appearing with outstretched arms, wearing a crown with a five-point star in the center. She is the current Starbucks Siren. A much more concealed Siren than some of the earlier full-bodied versions of the Siren logo (see below). 

For absolute certainty, you might also consult the Trademark Electronic Search System (TESS), at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), for records of the Starbucks trademarks. Browsing through the more than 800 trademark records, belonging to Starbucks, you will find descriptions of the various Starbucks logos. For example, the below description of the latest pending Starbucks Trademark Application 90749326, published for opposition on February 22, 2022, specifies: 
The mark consists of a circular seal with the design of a siren (a two-tailed mermaid) wearing a crown with a five-point star in the middle of the crown.
Discovering the Starbucks Siren, the two-tailed mermaid, nonetheless begs another question: Why a Siren? On the one hand, according to Raghav (2021), the company lore informs us that Starbucks was originally named Pequod, after the whaling ship in Herman Melville’s book Moby Dick. But it was, Starbuck, the name of the First Mate that was finally selected, and retained, for the first coffeehouse in Seattle. On the other hand, in Homer’s Odyssey, also a masterpiece of adventure at sea, albeit in a different genre, Sirens are half human creatures that lure sailors to shipwreck with the sweetness of their voices. Thus, considering company lore anew, the Siren synchronistically fit the bill for a Starbucks logo, on more counts than one. 

First, the magnetism of the Siren, within the context of her mythology, was the strongest among many other logo possibilities, when the founders chanced upon her image and story. Clearly, the Siren’s song might be transposed to attract customers. Secondly, Seattle is a port city, located on the Puget Sound, the second largest estuary in the United States, which creates for Seattleites a very strong bond with the sea. Finally, according to Flandreau (2016), this bond with the sea is one that the company overtly celebrates, not only regionally, but most importantly, because the coffee staple that the company imports, travels on ships to Seattle, from many different parts of the world. 

End of the Siren’s seductive song? Not quite. According to Calabrese (2015), an image of the Siren, grasping her tails, curled up on each side of her, within a circular frame, strikingly similar to the earlier Starbucks Siren logo, is found, for example, on the floor mosaic of a 7th-century Byzantine cathedral in Pesaro, Italy, and then, 500 years later in a section of a large mosaic adorning the medieval Otranto Cathedral, in Italy (see image). Interestingly, as Calabrese notes, while tracking the Starbucks Siren through time, the imagery of the relevant section of the Otranto Cathedral appeared precisely dedicated to warning worshippers of the dangers and temptations that might lead them astray. Thus, she points out that the luring effect of the Starbucks Siren logo, on a medieval customer, might have been exactly the opposite of what was intended. 

Calabrese concludes her research on the Siren, suggesting that perhaps one day, if a Starbucks were to open, just opposite from the Otranto Cathedral piazza, an amazing face-to-face encounter might occur between Sirens, designed more than 1000 years apart. However, this might not be the first encounter of this kind, since the earlier and later concealed Siren, stylized on Starbucks coffee cups, is also found as a motif of Cretan embroidery, dating back to the 12th century, at the end of the Byzantine era (Krody Belger, 2004). Embroidery found on the largest of Greek Islands, where Starbucks already has a coffee shop, in Heraklion, the capital of Crete. 

At the end of the day, the Starbucks Siren is probably a great way to strike a conversation, while sipping good coffee (or herbal tea) in a Starbucks goblet, sporting the logo. Consider, for example, that the Starbucks Siren, found at more than 30,000 stores, in 62 countries, is half woman, half fish, whereas the two Sirens In Homer’s Odyssey were half human, half bird, while those depicted on the circa 470BC Siren Vase, at The British Museum were half men, half bird. (See The British Museum close-up images). Specifically, the vase depicts the part of The Odyssey recited in Book 12 where Circe warns Ulysses about two Sirens and their seducing songs, saying: ”Therefore pass these Sirens by, and stop your men’s ears with wax, that none of them may hear; but if you like, you can listen yourself, for you may get the men to bind you, as you stand upright on a crosspiece, halfway up the mast…”.  Prophetic instructions that Ulysses followed to the T (see vase image above), to gain safe passage for his ship, and his men. 

On a penultimate note, whether half-bird or half-fish, male or female, perhaps that the sirens' only fault was to seek completion



References
Calabrese, A. (Nov. 10, 2015). The Siren on Your Starbucks Cup Was Born in 7th-Century Italy.   
https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-siren-on-your-starbucks-cup-was-born-in-7thcentury-italy 

Flandreau, M. (Dec. 23, 2016 ). Who is the Starbucks siren?
https://stories.starbucks.com/stories/2016/who-is-starbucks-siren/

History of the Starbucks logo.
https://www.tailorbrands.com/blog/starbucks-logo

Homer (circa 8th century BC). The Odyssey. Robert Fitzgerald translation. Kindle Edition. ClassicBooks by KTHTK.

Krody Belger, S. (2004). The Tale of the Two-Tailed Mermaid A Case Study in the Origins of the Cretan Embroidery Style.
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/489/

Raghav, S. (Sept. 24, 2021). Starbucks logo: an overview of the design, history and evolution.
https://www.designhill.com/design-blog/starbucks-logo-overview-of-design-history-and-evolution/

Trademark Electronic Search System (TESS).
https://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/search 

The British Museum Siren Vase. 
https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1843-1103-31

United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). www.uspto.gov

Sunday, March 27, 2022

Oh, patents! Levi Strauss laser finishing

Françoise © Herrmann

One hundred-and-fifty years after the Levi Strauss copper rivet changed the world of work clothes, during the Gold Rush in California, Levi Strauss is pioneering the apparel industry anew with Future-Led Execution (F.L.X.) processes (Levi Strauss Staff, 2018). F.L.X. invokes digital production, and in particular laser finishing.

Consistent with a longstanding interest in sustainability, the company committed to producing a cleaner, more climate-friendly jean, using streamlined digital processes. Processes, such as laser finishing, that eliminate the use and discharge of harmful chemicals (e.g., potassium permanganate), while maximizing the customization of jeans, and improving working conditions (e.g., Ong, 2018). In particular, laser finishing has replaced such previously time-consuming manual labor, invoked for baking, whiskering, hand-sanding, grinding, scrunching, chemically treating, and rinsing excess residues, to make jeans look worn and faded.

Laser finishing uses infrared technology to scratch the surface of jeans, while executing digital drawings of the desired vintage characteristics. A process that takes about 90 seconds to complete, per jean. (See video below.) A process that replaces the lengthy drawing board process, and the previous 18 to 20 manual finishing steps, taking 10 to 30 minutes per jean, depending on the design. A process that also makes possible all the desirable aspects of jeans manufacture. For example, laser finishing enables such prized processes as on-demand production, unparalleled customization, and dramatic scaling of production, since digital, production-ready files can be sent directly to supply factories for unprecedented production response. Conversely, laser finishing also supports custom online Future Finish® design, and potentially mini local production units at retail stores (Levi Strauss Staff, July 2019a and July 2019b; Velasquez, 2019), or even, event-based mobile production units (US11208761B2).

Arguably one of the most exciting transformations in jeans manufacturing, F.L.X. both dramatically streamlines, and accelerates, every aspect of the complete process, from concept to production. Indeed, on the strength of its success, Levi Strauss now organizes company-wide hackathons to determine which additional company processes might be as successfully digitized and made more sustainable (Cazares et al. 2022).


Both processes and hardware subsumed in laser finishing are well patented. The following applications are a few samples of the patents pending, and patents granted, reciting the many aspects of the laser finishing invention. The sample list also includes an application and patent, each reciting the specifications of garments, most responsive to the new laser finishing invention. 

  • US20180165736A1 - Using fabric templates to obtain multiple finishes by laser finishing.
  • US20190261716A1 - On-demand manufacturing of apparel by laser finishing fabric rolls.
  • US11208761B2  - Clothing with enhanced response characteristics for laser finishing.

References

Cazares, M. et al. (FE. 28, 2002) LS&Co. Hackathons – Designed for everyone.
https://www.levistrauss.com/2022/02/28/lsco-hackathons-designed-for-everyone/

Ong, T. (2018). Levi’s® will use lasers to ethically create the finishes on all of its jeans – The Verge.

Staff (Feb.27, 2018). Project F.L.X. redefines the future of how jeans are designed, made and sold. 

Staff (Juy 2019a). Levi’s presents Future Finish®. Off the Cuff.

Staff (July 24, 2019b). Future Finish®, a new way to customize your denim. 

Velasquez, A. (July 24, 2019). Levi’s® doubles down on Laser technology with new customization platform. 

Saturday, March 26, 2022

Interlude - The Women's Building MaestraPeace Mural

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

In honor of Women’s History month, celebrated during the month of March, the spotlight is focused on the monumental MaestraPeace Mural, adorning The Women’s Building in the Mission District of San Francisco, California. Launched in 1993, the 5-story exterior mural, was completed in 2000 by a collective group of seven muralistas [1] (women muralists), while the interior mural of the common areas was completed in 2010. The exterior mural was then completely restored in 2012, by the original muralistas, together with a younger generation of muralistas.


The MaestraPeace mural depicts goddesses, activists, artists, writers, curanderas (women healers), and numerous other female figures, celebrating the many contributions and accomplishments of women, across cultures and time, both historical and mythical. In the most hopeful muralist tradition of Mexico, the MaestraPeace mural envisions a world healed of its injustices. 

Located on the corner of 18th and Lapidge Streets, the mural is 65 feet high, and 160 feet wide, on each of the 18th Street and Lapidge Street facades. The mural decorates four surfaces of The Women's Building: the Lapidge Street façade, the 18th Street façade, the corner space at the intersection of Lapidge and 18th Streets, and surfaces inside the building's common area strairwell.

The Women’s Building was the first women-owned and operated Community Center in the US. A women’s non-profit enterprise, dedicated to incubating diverse Bay Area Women’s Projects, the Women’s Centers were founded in 1971. In 1979, the expanding group bought a building called Drove Hall, and transformed it into The Women’s Building. The Women’s Building rents space, and hosts events, programs and other organizations.

The San Francisco Women's Building
MaestraPeace Mural - Valencia Street facade
Copyright 
© The Artists


Depicted, for example, on the east (Lapidge Street) façade (shown above):

Rigoberta Menchu (at the top center). Winner of the 1992 Nobel Peace Prize for her social justice work on behalf of the indigenous peoples of Guatemala.  

Women elder profiles (facing each other, on each side of the façade): Two elder women profiles are depicted on the Lapidge Street façade (a Scandinavian Sami woman profile on the left, and an Asian woman profile on the right).  

Coyolxauqui, Aztec Goddess of the Moon (right hand). Dismembered for having prevented the birth of her brother, the God of War, then entombed in stone. Coyolxauqui is depicted in Rigoberta Menchu’s right hand, breaking free from her stone tomb. 

Yemayah, powerful Yoruba Orisha goddess (left hand). In ancient times, in Africa, Yemayah was the symbol of rivers, fertility and life, wearing clear beads. Then, she became mother of the oceans and salt water, and acquired blue beads.  

Guanyin (below left profile of a Sami woman elder). East Asian goddess of compassion and mercy. Protects women, and grants children to those who want them.  

Georgia O’Keefe (far left). North American painter, known as the mother of American modernism, and for her flower and skull paintings. In the panel next to the life size painting of O’Keefe, a skull reminiscent of the ones she painted, together with seven flowers, each one painted by one of the seven muralistas, as a bouquet signature for the mural.

Lilian Ngoya and Audre Lorde (below Yemayah). Ngoya, leader of the South African Resistance Movement is depicted burning her passbook, required of all Black South Africans, during apartheid. Ngoya is also depicted holding hands with Audre Lorde. Renowned North american poet, feminist, civil right activist and lesbian, who dedicated her life and talent to “confronting and addressing injustices of racism, sexism, classism, and homophobia“.  

Ancestor Mask from Gabon, Africa (Between Ngoya and Lorde). The mask is painted at the center of a map of Africa, symbolizing what is both seen and unseen. 

Hanan Ashrawi (below Audre Lorde). Palestinian legislator, activist and scholar, chief spokesperson for the Palestinian Delegation to the Middle East peace process. 

Lolita Lebrón and other women political prisoners (below Coyolxauqui). Lebrón was a Puerto Rican nationalist, who spent 23 years in prison, after being convicted for fighting for the independence of Puerto Rico. The other women political prisoners are portraits of women, currently serving sentences worldwide. 

Maria Sabina (below Lolita Lebrón) Mexican Mazatec curandera (woman healer), known to work with plants, depicted healing the woman sitting in front of her.

Painter from Mithila, India (below the right Asian profile of a woman). The craft is passed on from woman to woman over thousands of years.

________________

Note [1] Original seven muralistas of The Women's Building MaestraPeace mural in San Francisco: Juana Alicia, Miranda Bergman, Edythe Boone, Susan Kelk Cervantes, Meera Desai, Yvonne Littleton and Irene Perez.

References

Alicia, J. et. al. (2019) MaestraPeace: San Francisco’s Monumental Feminist Mural. Foreward by Angela Davis. (224 pages) Berkeley, CA: Heyday.

San Francisco Women's Building https://womensbuilding.org/

San Francisco Women's Building - MaestraPeace Mural. https://womensbuilding.org/the-mural/ 

San Francisco Women's Building - The muralists. https://womensbuilding.org/the-mural/#whoarethemuralistsection

Monday, March 14, 2022

Freebies on Pi Day (3.14)

 Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

Each year, on March 14 (3.14), since 1988, the world celebrates Pi Day, in honor of Pi, one of the most well known mathematical constants, representing the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter. An irrational number (3.141592654…..), calculated to its first 62.8 trillion decimal places, in 2021, by the University of Applied Sciences in Switzerland, represented by the Greek letter π (pronounced Pi, like “apple pie”).

Pi is useful on more counts that one. For example (below) it is used calculate the circumference of circles. The circumference of a circle is the distance around a circle. If π = C/d, then C = πd. You can also calculate the circumference of a circle with C = 2πr.


As a result, March 14 is a day where freebies and pie deals abound, with many restaurants and stores offering free pie, whole pies and slices for just $3.14. Below a list of some of these major Pi deals!

  • 7-Eleven: Select 7-Eleven locations are celebrating with large pizzas for $3.14. 
  • BJ’s Restaurant Brewhouse: Visit your local BJ’s to get a mini pizza with one topping for just $3.14. 
  • Blaze Pizza: On March 14, customers can get an 11-inch pizza for $3.14 when they download the Blaze Pizza App and sign up for a rewards account. 
  •  Bojangles: In 2021, Bojangles sold their delicious sweet potato pies for just $3.14. 
  • Boston Market: You can get a free chicken pot pie this year at Boston Market. Snag a free pot pie with the purchase of another pot pie when you download the restaurant's app on Pi Day. 
  • CiCi’s Pizza: At CiCi’s Pizza, there's a Pi Day deal for a $3.14 adult buffet with the purchase of an adult buffet and a large drink. The deal is available for dine-in customers only. 
  • Donatos Pizza has a deal Monday for Pi Day. Get $3.14 off any large pizza when you order online with code PI. 
  • El Torito, a chain with 74 locations, is offering house margaritas for $3.14 all day Monday. 
  • Fresh Market: Select Fresh Market locations are offering $3.14 off frozen chicken pot pies and 9-inch bakery-fresh pies, including apple and cherry. 
  • Goldbelly: The online marketplace and delivery service Goldbelly is hosting its annual Pi Day Sale. Customers can get up to 30% off pies and free shipping on March 14. Choose from options like Key West Key Lime Pie, Cereal Pie from The Pie Hole and Blueberry Pie from Bread and Roses Bakery. 
  • Hubbard Avenue Diner: If you’re in Wisconsin, you’re going to want to celebrate Pi Day at Hubbard Avenue Diner
  • Hungry Howie’s: Check your Hungry Howie’s location for Pi Day specials like medium 1-topping pizza for just $3.14 with the purchase of the Howie Bread. 
  • Marco’s Pizza: Use the code PIDAY2022 to get a medium 1-topping pizza for $3.14 with the purchase of a large or extra large pizza at Marco’s Pizza. The deal is valid for online orders only. 
  • Papa John’s: When you buy one regular priced large pizza at Papa John’s, you can get a second large one-topping pizza for $3.14. 
  • Papa Murphy’s: You can use the code PIDAY at Papa Murphy’s on March 14 to get 3.14% off. 
  • Patxi’s Pizza: Located in California, Colorado and Seattle, Patxi’s Pizza has a deal for $3.14 7-inch personal cheese pizza with the purchase of a regular-priced pizza. Use code PIDAY314 
  • Pieology has a “Free Pizza Friday” promotion on social media Fridays in March. On March 11, it will give away three free pizzas and then 14 free pizzas Monday. To enter, guests must comment how many toppings they like on their pizza and Pieology will pick the three and 14 winners on Monday at 5 p.m. PST. 
  • Pitfire Pizza: If you live in LA, head to a Pitfire Pizza location to get a mini Margarita pizza or a vegan Margarita pizza for just $3.14. The deal is only available until 3:14 PM on March 14! 
  • Round Table Pizza is celebrating Pi Day with an offer for a $3.14 Personal Cheese Pizza Monday. The deal is available to new and existing loyalty members. Access the deal on the Round Table Pizza Royal Reward App. 
  • Whole Foods: Stop by your local Whole Foods to get $3.14 off any 8-inch or larger apple or cherry pie from the bakery. The discount will be available on March 14 only. 
  • Your P(i)e: Founded in Georgia, Your Pie is offering $3.14 off one 10-inch pizza from March 14 through March 16, 2022. You must be a Your Pie app user to get the deal.
  • You might also Google: "Pi Day Specials 2022 Near me".


References

Pi Day Organization   https://www.piday.org/

The Pi Day Pizza Problem
https://blog.slicelife.com/the-pi-day-pizza-problem/ 

University of Applied Sciences (Switzerland) Pi Challenge
https://www.fhgr.ch/en/specialist-areas/applied-future-technologies/davis-centre/pi-challenge/ 

Tuesday, March 8, 2022

International Women's Day 2022

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann


March 8 is International Women’s Day (IWD) worldwide. A day of action, since 1911, designed to accelerate equality and justice for women, while celebrating the many social, political, economic and cultural achievements of women. 

 On this occasion, in 2022, the UN Women IWD theme is Gender equality today for a sustainable tomorrow, calling for climate action for women and by women. On another note, the IWD organization theme for 2022 is #BreakTheBias, calling for women to Imagine:
A gender-equal world.
A world free of bias, stereotypes, and discrimination.
A world that is diverse, equitable, and inclusive.
A world where difference is valued, and celebrated. [IWD 2022 ]
The IWD organization further invites all women to join the movement, to break the bias in communities, in workplaces, in schools, colleges and universities. Finally, the IWD organization  suggests that women cross their arms in solidarity, striking the #BreakTheBias pose :

#BreakTheBias pose

References

International Women's Day (IWD) https://www.internationalwomensday.com/