Showing posts with label pandemic. Show all posts
Showing posts with label pandemic. Show all posts

Wednesday, May 25, 2022

Terminology - Pandemic profiteering (profiteurs de la crise sanitaire)

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

Pandemic profiteering no more, according to The Guardian, reporting on the historic Healthier World initiative announced, at this year’s ongoing World Economic Forum (WEF), held in Davos, Switzerland. An initiative designed to implement the not-for-profit sale of patented medicines and vaccines to 45 low, and lower-middle-income countries. In other words, sales to more than 1.2 billion people, in countries like Afghanistan, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic,  Eritrea, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Somalia and Sudan. Countries with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, hovering around 500 current US$, compared to the USA GDP per capita, for example, hovering around 60,000 current US$. (World Bank Data) Below, a YouTube video of Albert Bourla, CEO of Pfizer, announcing the Healthier World initiative, at the WEF.


The initiative was spearheaded by Pfizer, with the knowledge that other large pharmaceutical companies would follow suit. Accused of pandemic profiteering, after having accumulated 15 billion dollars in profits, in the first three months following the sale of COVID-19-related medications, Pfizer's initiative appears as a significant breakthrough, in an almost 100-year patenting problem. 

The problem of inequitable access to therapies and vaccines, locked in patented price monopolies, that 19th-century public health officials, and European patent lawmakers, had already anticipated, having initially banned pharmaceutical drugs from the European patenting system of the late 1800s. A problem that was later also selectively circumvented, in the 1950s, when the push for patented pharmaceutical drugs finally succeeded, and individual inventors, such as Jonas Salk, who developed the first safe and effective vaccine against polio, refused to file for a patent. A move that Albert Sabin would also later follow, at the end of the 1960s, when he also refused to patent the oral polio vaccine that he had developed. 

At a rate of almost 60,000 polio cases per year, in the US alone, in the 1950s, affecting mostly children, and hundreds of thousands more children worldwide, the inventors' refusal to patent their inventions saved countless children from living crippled lives of irreversible paralysis. As a result today, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), as few as 33 cases of polio are reported worldwide. (WHO Fact Sheet)

If talk of pandemic silver linings sends shivers down your spine, because there cannot be silver linings to what caused more than 1 million deaths in the US alone, and more than 5 million deaths worldwide, then the Pfizer initiative for a Healthier World, at the 2022 WEF in Davos, might be framed in another perspective. A well-documented view of the world as interconnected, which became shockingly clear to everyone, during the COVID-19 pandemic, where the coronavirus knew no borders. (Think Global Health)

 
References

Hart, R. (May 25, 2022). Pfizer offers low-cost drugs and vaccines, including COVID treatments to world's poorest countries. Forbes
Kollewe, J.  (May 25, 2022).  Pfizer to offer all of its drugs not-for-profit to 45 lower-income countries. The Guardian 
The World Health Organization (WHO) – Fact sheet on Polyomyelitis
Think Global Health - The coronavirus knows no borders. 
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD
World Economic Forum (WEF), May 22-26, 2022

Wednesday, September 8, 2021

Oh, patents ! CuteCircuit Hug Shirt™

 Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

With hindsight, perhaps that the only item missing from the pandemic-related, federal government, stimulus programs was the CuteCircuit Hug Shirt™. Designed to provide long-distance hugs, via Bluetooth®-type connection to a mobile device, the Hug Shirt™ would have been the perfect, federally-approved way to connect during the long lockdown period, while complying with all the CDCs’ guidelines for maintaining social distance.

Imagine having received a larger envelope, shirt included! A Hug Shirt that would have enabled you to send virtual hugs, replicating your warmth, pressure, duration of embrace and even heartbeat, to a loved one or friend, also wearing another Hug Shirt™! In fact, the army was originally interested in the CuteCircuit Hug Shirt™ as a way of bridging distances and boosting troop morale [US20070063849A1].

Designed by the trailblazing, wearable technology, fashion-brand company, CuteCircuit, founded by Francesca Rosella (Italy) and Ryan Genz (USA), the first 2002 Hug Shirt™, was nominated one of Time Magazine's Best Inventions of the Year, in 2006. Since the first Hug Shirt™ hit the runway in 2004, two updates have been created: the 2006 Hug Shirt and a recent Hug Shirt™, which only requires the receiver to wear a Hug Shirt™, since a virtual hug can be created, or selected, directly on the CuteCircuit Hug Shirt™ Mobile App (see image of the Hug Shirt™ interface).

Combining Internet-connected clothing with haptic (touch) telecommunication, the Hug Shirt™ is patented. The US utility patent US20070063849A1 titled Wearable haptic telecommunication device and system, recites the Hug Shirt™ invention. The abstract of the invention is included below, together with the Figure 1B of the patent application. An image of the most recent marketed version of the Hug Shirt™ is also included.
A wearable telecommunication device, such as a garment, that allows sending the sensation of touch, for example in the form of a hug, over a distance. Embedded in the garment are sensors and actuators, and typically one garment is worn by the sender and another by the recipient. The sensors capture various parameters representative of the touch, including the strength of the touch, the skin warmth and the heartbeat rate of the wearer, and the actuators recreate the sensation of that touch, and warmth through heating, vibration, and inflation. A wired or wireless connection permits the data captured by the sensors in the sender garment to be transmitted to the actuators of the recipient garment. 
 [Abstract US20070063849A1]
Figure 1B - US20070063849A1
Figure 1B - US20070063849A1


Specifically, the Figure 1B depicts a Hug Shirt™, comprising standard long sleeves 180, with generally circular markings 190, outlining strategic points around neck, hips, back, and shoulders, where pockets might be placed to receive what the patent designates as removable, sensor and actuator sandwich packages. Very thin and flexible sandwich packages, comprising the actuators and sensors, required to send, and receive, haptic information, according to the invention. For example, the sandwich packages might comprise one or more sensors, such as a pressure sensor, heartbeat rate sensor, temperature sensor, and a microphone. Likewise, the sandwich packages might comprise one or more actuators, such as a speaker, a heating pad, a tiny pump and a balloon or other bladder. The sandwich packages are removable so that the shirts might be cleaned.

In addition to the actuator and sensor sandwich packages, the Hug Shirts™ each comprise a microprocessor for processing sensor data into digital data. The microprocessor has a battery or other power source. Each Hug Shirt™ also comprises a communications module with a wired or wireless Bluetooth-type connection to a mobile device, equipped with the CuteCircuit Hug Shirt™ app. The Hug Shirt™ also comprises actuator electronics for driving the actuators, particularly the one or more pumps, used to inflate small bladders designed to provide the pressure sensations of a hug. 

For remote transmission or reception of haptic data (i.e., of hugs), a user wearing a Hug Shirt™ initiates a hug, moving within the shirt, and touching the strategic circular points of the shirt, activating the heartbeat, pressure and temperature sensors. In turn, movement and touch are sensed, recorded and converted to digital data by the microprocessor. The digital data of the hug is then transmitted to the mobile CuteCircuit Hug Shirt™ app via the communication module with Bluetooth®-type or wired connection. Finally, the mobile app sends an SMS, comprising virtual hug data for the receiver wearing a connected Hug Shirt™. In turn, the virtual hug message, activates the receiver’s sensors and actuators, reproducing the hug that was sent, a few feet, or thousands of miles, away. Alternatively, the person sending a hug, without a Hug Shirt™ might use the Hug Shirt™ app to select or design a hug, which will then be transmitted to the receiver, wearing Hug Shirt that will decode and playback the hug sent.

Contactless hugs galore, what a missed benefit!

 References

Amazing Embrace  - Time Magazine Best Inventions of 2006.   http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1939342_1939424_1939709,00.html  

CuteCircuit https://cutecircuit.com/  

Weir, J. (May 17, 2007) CuteCircuit Hug Shirt.  https://crunchwear.com/cutecircuit-hug-shirt/


Friday, April 16, 2021

Terminology - Vaccine equity in the US

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

Sometimes, even the best efforts to ensure equity are vexed with stubborn obstacles. This is the case of the COVID-19 vaccine campaign in the US, where efforts have consistently been deployed to ethically rollout vaccinations, for medical personnel, the elderly and most vulnerable populations first. A gracious, bully-proof policy, aimed at countering perverse twists on survival-of-the-fittest, while setting the tone for the rest of the world. However, despite such best ethical efforts, together with a stockpile (under fire) of vaccines large enough to provide vaccinations for all of the US population plus more, and 100% free administration of vaccines at multiple venues with almost no-questions asked, the US vaccine campaign is definitely flunking racial/ethnic equity.  

ABC News Vaccine Watch - California vaccine demographics

Specifically, despite 1> the new Biden administration successful launch of an unprecedented, top-priority, vaccine roll-out across the nation: at all the National Football League (NFL) stadiums and closed-campus parking lots, in churches, and other places of worship, at the large retail pharmacy chains, such as Walgreens, CVS, Rite Aid and Safeway, at clinics, healthcare centers, and other medical facilities, in cooperation with FEMA, the Federal Emergency Agency of the US Department of Homeland Security. 2>  US Federal government purchase of a total of 600 million doses, 300 million respectively from Pfizer and Moderna, intended for 100% free administration (Staff HHS, Feb. 2021), and 3> A pace of vaccinations, scaled up to 3 to 4 million inoculations per day, the undeniable success of this campaign is also marred

In other words, even if the campaign appears to be rolling out successfully with the necessary infrastructure of "stuff, staff and space" such pre-requisites also appear far from sufficient to guarantee equal access. Insufficient, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) research, tracking race/ethnicity of the US vaccination campaign (Staff KFF, April 2021).

For example, based on CDC data, the KFF found that: 

 “As of April 6, 2021, CDC reported that race/ethnicity was known for just over half (55%) of people who had received at least one dose of the vaccine. Among this group, nearly two thirds were White (65%), 11% were Hispanic, 8% were Black, 5% were Asian, 1% were American Indian or Alaska Native, and <1% were Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, while 9% reported multiple or other race [Italics mine].” Ndugga et. al, April. 2021 

 KFF further tracked and analyzed race/ethincity data published in 43 US States, precisely to inform action for a more equitable US campaign. In this regards, acknowledging the incompleteness of the data sets, the KFF also  found:  

“ […]  a consistent pattern across states of Black and Hispanic people receiving smaller shares of vaccinations compared to their shares of cases and deaths and compared to their shares of the total population. […]

Overall, across these 41 states, the vaccination rate among White people is 1.8 times higher than the rate for Hispanic people (28% vs. 16%), and 1.6 times as high as the rate for Black people (28% vs. 17%).” Ndugga et. al, April. 2021

Thus, many additional dependent variables appear related to vaccine equity in the US, all of which are being investigated and further acted upon, to remedy the situation (Ndugga etc. al. March 2021). The following are some of the additional variables identified, known to prevent the vaccination equity that most people expect and deeply desire (Lewis, 2021).

  1. Car ownership enabling people to drive to the nearest vaccination center, which may be located way beyond walking distance. (Lewis, 2021)
  2. Living far from public transportation for access to a vaccination center.(Lewis, 2021)
  3. Poor internet access, creating a challenge to secure a vaccination appointment.(Lewis, 2021)
  4. Inadequate literacy skills to make an appointment on the Internet, and/or confusing and maze-like instructions for securing a COVID-19 vaccination appointment.(Lewis, 2021)
  5. Language barriers for non-English/limited English-speaking people, coupled with burdensome proof-of-eligibility requirements.(Lewis, 2021)
  6. Differences in age-expectancy between black and white populations, brought on by systemic racism. In other words, the shorter life span of the black population, makes the black population more vulnerable at a younger age than the white population. Hence the call for lowering the age-cut-off for black populations, prior to lifting the age-related pecking order for vaccinations.(Lewis, 2021)
  7. Conversely, a higher life-expectancy for Hispanic populations compared to non-latino white populations, despite the lower socio-economic status of Hispanics. Demographics which might consequently result in raising the age cut-off for Hispanics. However, the latino population suffered far more COVID-19 casualties than the non-latino white population, which canceled any age-raising suggestions.(Lewis, 2021)
  8. Differences in the age-expectancy of the Native American population, also calling for lowering the age cut-off for Native Americans. A population that dies way before the white population, and that has suffered more casualties and difficulties, during the pandemic. (Lewis, 2021)
  9. Mistrust and skepticism preventing vaccination uptake, arising in a long tradition of malpractice promulgated against communities of color, and structural racism. (Chavez and Peña, 2021)
  10. Fear of vaccinations, callously fueled by misinformation on potential negative long term health effects, side-effects, ineffectiveness, danger considering existing health conditions, mistrust of the Trump administration, and the costs of vaccinations (Chavez and Peña, 2021)

References

ABC News Vaccine Watch https://abc7news.com/vaccine/

Chavez, G. R. and J. M. Peña (Jan, 25, 2021) Skepticism and mistrust challenge COVID vaccine uptake for Latinos. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/how-we-rise/2021/01/25/skepticism-and-mistrust-challenge-covid-vaccine-uptake-for-latinos/  

Lewis, T. (March 2021) The biggest barriers to COVID-a9 vaccination for Black and Latinx people.    https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-biggest-barriers-to-covid-vaccination-for-black-and-latinx-people1/

Ndugga et. al. (March 10, 2021) How are States Addressing Racial Equity in COVID-19 Vaccine Efforts?  Kaiser Family Foundation.   https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/how-are-states-addressing-racial-equity-in-covid-19-vaccine-efforts/

Ndugga, N. et. al. (April 7, 2021) Latest Data on COVID-19 Vaccinations Race/Ethnicity.  Kaiser Family Foundation.    https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/latest-data-on-covid-19-vaccinations-race-ethnicity/

Staff (Feb. 11, 2021) Biden Administration purchases additional doses of COVID-19 vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna - US Department Health and Human Services. (HHS).   https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/02/11/biden-administration-purchases-additional-doses-covid-19-vaccines-from-pfizer-and-moderna.html

Staff (April 9, 2021) COVID-19: Vaccinations by race/ethnicity.  Kaiser Family Foundation Dashboards.     https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/state-covid-19-data-and-policy-actions/#raceethnicity

Sunday, February 14, 2021

V-Day 2021

 Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

For V-Day 2021, one additional V-Day platform was appended to the vast global movement, to end violence against women and girls, initiated in 1998, by Eve Ensler, author, playwright and activist.  Indeed, V-Day (Voices) 2021 specifically targets the Voices of Black Women. 

V-Day (Voices) 2021 is a project curated by the poet Ajat Monet, who sent out a call for submissions, addressed to Black women worldwide, interested in sharing pieces, speaking out against violence directed at women. Poems, monologues and other pieces will then be compiled into one showcase piece, in the Fall of 2021.  

V-Day (Voices) has thus become part of the 2021 V-Day action that includes One-BillionRising-Garden Rising campaigns and events (1); City of Joy, a shelter, serving up to 90 women at once, escaping violence in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo; and all the V-Day-inspired local USA events, where women gather (or tune-in on a pandemic year), to read and/or watch performances of Eve Ensler’s earth-shaking play The Vagina Monogues (2001).

Below, a 2021 YouTube video of a fabulous animated version of the V-day-One Billion Rising anthem Break the Chain, a song written by Tena Clark, with music by Tena Clark and Tim Heintz, choreographed by Debbie Allen. In non-pandemic years, since 2013, Break the Chain has spread like wildfire worldwide, on V-Day, complete with hundreds of scheduled Flash Mob events each year, such as the Shake Toronto event, V-Girls in South Africa, or the One Billion Rising, 5000-people event at Pariser Platz, in Berlin Germany on Feb 14 2013.  


One Billion rising 2021 - Rising Gardens

---------

(1) One billion corresponds to the  staggering figure, representing the number of women victims of violence worldwide 

References

City of Joy  https://www.cityofjoycongo.org/splash/

Ensler, E. (2001) Vagina Monologues. New York, NY: Ballantine Books.

Ensler, E. (2004) The Good Body. New York, NY: Villard Books (Random House).

Ensler, E. (2005) Vagina Warriors. New York, NY: Bulfinch Press (Hachette Book Group).

Ensler, E. (2010) Emotional Creature. New York, NY: Villard Books Random House).

Ensler, E. (2013) In the Body of the World. London, UK: Metropolitan Books (Macmillan Publishers).

Ensler, E. (2014) In the Body of the World. London, UK: Picador Paper. (Macmillan Publishers).

Ensler, E. (2019) The Apology. London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing.

Ensler,E. (Jan. 7 2020) The profound power of an authentic apology – TED Talk https://youtu.be/gQ-0oR3C1UM

One-Billion Rising 2021: Garden Rising Campaign.  https://www.onebillionrising.org/about/campaign/

V-Day.org (Eve Ensler) https://vday.org/news-alerts/press/eveensler.html  

V-Day.org Staff (nov. 19, 2012) V-Day's One Billion Rising Campaign Unveils New Song and Music Video: "Break the Chain". https://www.vday.org/node/2996.html

V-Day.org – What is One-Billion Rising? https://www.vday.org/one-billion-rising/what-is-one-billion-rising/

V-Spot - https://vspot.vday.org/

Voices. https://voices.vday.org/


Ensler, E. (website)
https://www.eveensler.org/ 

Tuesday, February 9, 2021

Oh, patents! Smart mirrors (2) Forme Life

 Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

The Forme Life Personal Strength Studio for Body and Mind comprises a smart mirror, fitness machine, specially designed for strength and resistance training. The smart mirror home fitness machine includes tuck-away mechanical exercise arms, equipped with adjustable resistance applied to graspable handles, a pressure sensor mat, and externally connected workout equipment, such as weights, bars and bells. The brand name of the personal strength home studio,  “Forme Life” (spelt with an extra “e’), is borrowed from the French term “la forme”, meaning “in shape”. A meaning that extends, for this invention, to the health of body shaping and sculpting that can be achieved, using such a smart mirror, home fitness studio

The YouTube video below shows the Forme Life smart mirror, home fitness machine, in use for strength and resistance training. 



The Forme Life home studio fitness machine is a patented invention, disclosed in the US utility patent application US20200047030, titled  Interactive exercise machine system with mirror display. The patent application discloses a smart mirror, combined with connected video and audio output means, together with mechanical apparatus for resistance training, and means to continuously 3D-record, monitor and process movement and biometric data from the user. Biometric data includes, for example heart rate, and calories burnt. Recorded movement data, for example, might be used to generate skeletal and joint data, in view of providing posture and position feedback to the user.

 Interestingly, the Forme Life interactive exercise machine, with smart mirror display, was originally designed to customize machine configuration and workouts, using expert algorithms, generated by the machine. For example, algorithms to skillfully adjust the resistance of mechanical workout means, in view of assisting users in their goals, without injury or personal trainers. It is both incidental, and unspecified in the disclosure of the invention, that this exercise machine might be so well suited to the pandemic situation, because of the workout safety it offers, under shelter-at-home orders. 

The patent application abstract, together with the patent application Figure 1, are included below.

 

An interactive exercise system includes a mechanical support system and a display module held by the mechanical support system. A mirror element is attached to at least partially cover the display module. At least one movable arm is connected to the support system and at least one force-controlled component is connected to the mechanical support system. The force-controlled component can be graspable by a user and allows for a range of exercise types and programs.[Abstract US20200047030]

The included patent application Figure 1 shows the interactive exercise machine 100 with personalized training capabilities, and a user 101. The machine includes a display 102 held by a mechanical support 104. The display is designed for viewing videos 105 or information 207. The display is also partially covered with reflective “mirror” material, enabling to view a reflection 103 of the user 101.  Movable arms 106 and legs 208 are connected to the mechanical support 104. Engageable components such as graspable handles 110 are connected to a force sensor 114, attached to a cord that extends through the movable arms 106. A camera 112 monitors user position, which may be used to adjust the resistance of the handles 110. Additional sensors 116 might include audio, microphone, light, geo-positioning, accelerometer, yaw, pitch and roll, carbon monoxide and temperature sensing devices. A pressure sensor mat 124 is also depicted, as well as other workout equipment 126, such as weights, balls, bars, tubes, balance systems, movable or stationary. User data might be stored locally, or sent via connected data cloud 120, for processing at a remote data storage and analytics service 122.  The network cloud might include connected smartphones, computers or servers, for ubiquitous and on-demand access to a host of computing resources. Computing resources enabling, for example, both video and augmented reality output.

References

Forme Life https://formelife.com/

FuseProeject – Forme Life https://www.fuseproject.com/work/forme-life  

Sunday, February 7, 2021

Oh, patents! Smart mirrors (1) Mirror.com

Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

Need a workout in the safety of your own home? Pilates, sculpt, post-natal exerices, kickboxing, weight training, ballet, dance cardio, hip-hop, tai-chi, yoga flow, boxing, kettlebell?  Mirror.com offers more than 50 different sorts of workouts, on-demand, from beginning to expert levels, in 5 to 60-minute, private or live, group sessions with certified trainers, or using a library of tapes. Each workout is brought to you directly in your living room, via a smart mirror. With a monthly subscription for up to six different family members, users can tune-in to the (smart) Mirror, both for access to workouts and live feedback. Feedback on such items as posture, position and performance, using monitored heart rate data that the Mirror records via Bluetooth, and data on every user-move, collected via proprietary camera algorithms.

Considering that the coronavirus was found to also spread via airborne transmission, even outdoor exercising might appear risky. In other words, transmission via droplets >5 µm that are expelled via sneezing, coughing, talking or singing loudly, are believed to drop to the ground within about 3 feet, whereas airborne transmission is suspected to occur via suspended droplets <5 µm, containing the virus (Ming Hui Chua, et al., 2020). Smaller particles that stay suspended in the air for longer periods of time, traveling greater distances, depending on wind for example. Thus, the Mirror workouts probably appear as safe as you will ever get. Not to mention the fact that the Mirror workouts might also be more social, to the extent that it is possible to connect with friends, to work out with them, in a live, trainer-led, (Zoom-type) session, in contrast to working out, while maintaining at least 6 feet of distance, in the open air.

Master-minded in 2018 by CEO Brynn Putman, originally a professional ballet dancer with the New York City Ballet, and then founder of the Refine Method Fitness Studio, the Mirror.com start-up was sold to the Canadian athletic apparel retail company LuluLemon Athletica Inc., in the summer of 2020, for 500 million USD  (O'Brian, June 29, 2020, Terlep, S. June 30, 2020; Riley Moffat, Sept. 17, 2020). The concept no doubt appeared potent, since the Mirror not only brings professional boutique fitness right into people’s living rooms, it also brings safety in the midst of state-mandated lockdowns, caused by a virus transmitted largely via the respiratory route.

The (smart) Mirror personal home fitness system is an invention with many different patented aspects, such as the following, all of which might be licensed and used:

  • continuous acquisition of biometric and movement data via camera and sensor, during a workout session
  • reality-blending aspects of 3D video output on a display screen, together with mirroring functions displaying the user’s reflection
  • embodied, fitness expert-system that enables to customize and adjust an exercise program, based on acquired biometric data and user motion, while providing real-time feedback on performance (e.g., calories burned and heart rate.)

The US utility patent, US10845511B2, titled Smart Mirror, filed by Hewlett Packard in 2016, for example, recites a blended reality aspect of smart mirror inventions. In other words, how both the display of data (collected from the user and/or imported) and mirror reflection of the user are processed for presentation to a user, facing the smart mirror. Specifically, the patent recites visualization of both interface data and user reflection, relative to the user’s captured eye focal distance. Eye focal distance is measured, using binocular cameras, as the convergence point of the user’s left and right eye gaze. 

Thus, the invention discloses a highly visible (bright) mirror reflection and less visible (dimmed) interface data, when the user’s captured eye focal distance is on the mirror image. Conversely, when the user’s captured eye focal distance is on the display, then the mirror image presented is less visible (dimmed), while the interface data becomes highly visible (brighter).  Consequently, users are able to use their gaze on specific objects of the user interface, as an input method to control the smart mirror, while the mirror uses biometric information (the eye focal distance of the user’s gaze) to determine which information to present on screen. Finally, hands free operation of the information displayed, in turn, is disclosed as extending the usefulness of the mirror. Although, considering the invention was filed several years prior to the COVID 19 pandemic, it is quite incidental that such a “contactless” feature of the invention would become especially significant.

The abstract of this invention is included below, together with Figures 5A and 5B, showing the smart mirror’s differential response to the captured eye focal distance of a user 505, facing the display .  

Figure 5a illustrates the smart mirror 500, with the user 505 focusing his gaze 520A on his reflection 540A, whereas Figure 5b illustrates the smart mirror’s appearance, with the user  505 focusing his gaze  520B on interface objects 530B of the display. The user’s eye focal distance is measured with a binocular eye sensor 510, located on top of the mirror frame. Measurement is restricted to the user’s reach.

 Small screen areas, 550A on Figure 5BA, and 550B on Figure 5B, respectively show an overlap of the user reflection 540A and the interface objects 530B. However, according to the inventive determination of eye focal distance, the user reflection 540A is more prominently visible in Figure 5A, whereas the interface objects are more prominently visible in the Figure 5B.

In one example, a smart mirror. The smart mirror includes a display adjacent one side of a half-mirror, sensors to acquire biometric information of a user facing an opposite side of the half-mirror, and a controller coupled to the sensors and the display. The controller determines from the biometric information a focal distance of the user. If the focal distance corresponds to the display, the controller presents a user interface on the smart mirror in a highly-visible manner and a reflection of the user in a less-visible manner. If the focal distance corresponds to the reflection of the user, the controller presents the user interface on the smart mirror in a less-visible manner and the reflection of the user in a highly-visible manner.  [Abstract US10845511B2]

The YouTube video below shows the elegant Mirror, in use, for several sorts of living room workouts.

References

Lululemon Athletica Inc. https://info.lululemon.com/about

Ming Hui Chua, et al.(Aug 7, 2020) Face Masks in the New COVID-19 Normal: Materials, Testing, and Perspectives. Research (Wash D C). 2020; 2020: 7286735. Published online 2020 Aug 7. doi: 10.34133/2020/7286735    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32832908/ 

Mirror.com https://www.mirror.co/

Refine Method Fitness Studio  http://www.refinemethod.com/

O’Brian S.A. (June 29, 2020) Lululemon to buy mirror at-home fitness startup for 500 million. CNN.com. https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/29/tech/lululemon-mirror-fitness-startup-acquisition/index.html

Riley Moffat, A. (Sept. 17, 2020) Lululemon’s Mirror Workout Tool Doesn’t Sell Sports Bras -- Yet. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-09-17/lululemon-s-mirror-workout-tool-doesn-t-sell-sports-bras-yet

Terlep, S. (June 30, 2020) Lululemon Buys Mirror, an At-Home Fitness Startup, for $500 Million. WSJ. https://www.wsj.com/articles/lululemon-to-buy-at-home-fitness-company-mirror-for-500-million-11593465981

Sunday, December 20, 2020

Terminology - WOTTIES (3) - Time Magazine

 Copyright © Françoise Herrmann

In 2020, the big dictionaries of the English language are not the only ones publishing their usual, end-of-the-year, selection of the Word of the Year (WOTY), together with lists of the runners-up (WOTTIES). Time Magazine also kept an ear out, this year, listening for new, repurposed or high-frequency words of the English language. Words of the year that capture a pandemic year of previously uncharted territory, adjustment, coping, resilience, and social activism. Social activism, under the banner of Black Lives Matter. A movement against racism in the US, plagued with shocking incidents of unchecked police violence that stunned the whole nation. The following is the Time Magazine list of 2020 WOTTIESunabridged.  

“Antiracist, adjective: Relating to people or actions working against systemic racism and the historical oppression of marginalized groups.

BIPOC, initialism: A term for Black, Indigenous and other people of color intended to highlight, in particular, the identities and experiences of Black and Native American communities in the U.S.

Blursday, noun: The fuzzy merging of time since the pandemic shut down so much of the world down, often making it difficult to determine what day of the week it is.

Bubble, noun: Also known as a pod; a small group of individuals who follow the same rules and standards for behavior—and can thus spend time together—during the pandemic, popularized by the isolation zone the NBA created at Disney World to protect basketball players.

Covidiot, noun: A pejorative term for someone who ignores health and safety guidelines intended to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

Defund, verb: To withdraw financial support, as in calls to defund the police, a movement promoting a public-safety model that shifts resources from law enforcement to community-led social programs and initiatives.

Doomscroll, verb: To addictively thumb through the deluge of bad news shared on social media in 2020, often undertaken at bedtime.

Entanglement, noun: A reference to an extramarital affair, popularized when Jada Pinkett Smith discussed an instance of marital infidelity on an episode of her Red Table Talk show with her husband Will Smith.

Karen, noun: A colloquial term for a white woman weaponizing her privilege, often at the expense or well-being of a BIPOC individual. When used as a meme, it’s often paired with images of a short, angled and heavily highlighted hairstyle that’s been dubbed the “Can I speak to the manager” haircut.

On mute, idiom: Used when a fellow video-call participant is speaking without their microphone on, as in “you’re on mute,” a refrain popularized this year on Zoom calls across the world.

Quarantini, noun: The day or nighttime cocktail many have used to unwind, amid remote work and COVID-19 lockdowns.

Simp, noun, verb (simping): A colloquial term popularized on TikTok, for a man who is overly accommodating or devoted to someone (usually a woman); or a very devoted fan.

Social distancing, noun: A set of measures implemented to prevent the spread of a contagious disease, the usage of which increased by 400% this year, as authorities encouraged people to keep a safe space from people who are not in their household or “bubble” during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Superspreader, noun, adjective: A person or event responsible for transmitting an infectious disease to a large number of people.

Zoombombing, noun, verbthe unplanned and unwanted intrusion of someone, usually an Internet troll, into a video conference that they were not invited to.”

"Karen is asking for the Manager."

References

Black Lives Matter  https://blacklivesmatter.com/

Lang, C. (Dec. 14, 2020) Social Distancing, Doomscroll and Defund: Words that defined 2020.  https://time.com/5919615/words-that-defined-2020/?utm_medium=email&utm_source=sfmc&utm_campaign=newsletter+brief-pm+default+ac&utm_content=+++20201216+++body&et_rid=110884839

Tuesday, March 31, 2020

Terminology - Price gouging (N95 face masks, ventilators, hazmat suits, US DPA)

Copyright@ Françoise Herrmann

Price gouging (i.e., extortion or making someone pay too much for something), in particular within the context of the current COVID19 pandemic, appears only slightly less gruesome than the original meaning of the term gouging. Indeed, the original meaning of the term gouging refers to a horrifying form of ocular torture, consisting in forcing an eyeball out of its socket using thumb pressure.[Merriam-Webster, gouging]

Perhaps then, that the current surge in the use of the term price gouging comes as no real surprise.  Use of the term price gouging has spiked recently in connection with logistics and procurement of medical equipment and safety supplies for the COVID19 Pandemic. Medical safety supplies such as N95 face masks and protective hazmat suits, and most recently medical equipment for COVID19 treatment, such as ventilators. N95 means that the masks are NIOSH (US National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health)-approved to reduce exposure to at least 95% of airborne particulate hazards.

In the highly contagious context of the COVID19 pandemic, where the survival of healthcare personnel depends on the use of protective wear such as N95 masks and hazmat suits, and admitted patients in critical condition depend on ventilators, nations worldwide are scrambling to stay ahead of the staggering number of cases and hospitalizations, replenishing stockpiles and creating them where there were none. However, such a scramble for procurement arises  in a bidding process, where states in the US, and beyond, are all competing against each other for critical medical supplies and equipment. As a result, prices are gouged. In other words, prices are driven up to unprecedented highs. 

In the matter of procurement price gouging, connected to the COVID19 pandemic, figures do the talking. For example, according to New York State Governor Andrew Cuomo, N95 masks that used to cost 85 cents/piece are now selling for 7$ a piece (Cuomo Press Conference, March 22, 2020). Likewise, according to Cuomo, ventilators that used to cost $20,000 now cost $50,000 (Cuomo Press Conference March 30, 2020). Thus, price gouging is occurring in a catastrophic situation that is recording exponential increases in the number of confirmed cases and death toll. For example, in New York City alone, between March 22 and March 31 (today), confirmed cases increased from approx. 10,764 and 76 deaths, to approx. 40,900 confirmed cases (at 9:30 EST) and 932 deaths (NYCity DOH, March 31, 2020). Likewise, confirmed cases for the State of New York have climbed to close to 80,000 cases to date, with no predicted leveling in sight (NY DOH, March 31, 2020)

To prevent further price gouging of medical equipment and safety supplies, ahead of the epidemiological catastrophe now unfolding, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo was even driven, on March 22, to call for the nationalization of medical supply procurement in the US, and use of the Defense Production Act (DPA). In other words, a plea for the Federal Government to take over the procurement of medical supplies, in an attempt to prevent uncontrolled bidding, and the inevitable spike in prices of critical medical equipment and supplies. In Cuomo’s own words:
“I’m calling on the Federal Government to nationalize the medical supply chain.The Federal Government should immediately use the Defense Production Act to order companies to make gowns, masks and gloves. Currently, states are competing against other states for supplies.” [Coleman,J., March 22, 2020]

Short of nationalizing the production of medical supplies and equipment in the US, which would mean that the Federal Government would take over and own the production facilities of US companies, the Defense Production Act (DPA) offers a close alternative form of executive intervention in private business and industry. Voted in 1950, during the Korean War, the DPA allows the Federal Government variously to regulate prices (prevent price gouging), to requisition property, to allocate resources, and/or to commission production (or request prioritization of production) for the procurement of vital defense equipment, whether the equipment consists of medical supplies, materials such as titanium and aluminum, the development of new technologies or the disclosure of information. Since voted in 1950, the DPA has been used on several low-key occasions (Kanno-Youngs, Z and A. Sawnson, March 31,2020). In fact, most recently, the DPA has been used, precisely in connection with the procurement of ventilators for the COVID 19 pandemic.  

Indeed, on March 27, 2020, President Trump signed a Memorandum on Order Under the Defense Production Act Regarding General Motors Company, according to which General Motors, in collaboration with Ventec Life Systems, a small ventilator manufacturer, have risen to the occasion, stepping-in to volunteer, and subsequently agreeing  to set up crash production of ventilators at a General Motors factory in Kokomo, Indiana (Boudette & Jacobs, 2020). Ventilators that might be delivered, before the end of the month of April 2020, to places like New York City, dubbed the canary in the coal mine (1). In other words, the hardest-hit US city, where it is anticipated that there will be a desperate need for ventilators in the coming weeks, as well as many additional critical shortages, in the stressed-out healthcare system.


Note
(!) The canary in the coal mine: Expression used by Cuomo during the March 30, 2020 Press Conference. The term refers to the caged canaries that coal miners would carry into the coal mines to alert them to the presence of hazardous gases such as carbon monoxide.

References
Boudette, N. E. and A. Jacobs (March 30, 2020) Inside G.M.’s Race to Build Ventilators, Before Trump’s Attack. NYTimes
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/30/business/gm-ventilators-coronavirus-trump.html
CDC - COVID19 – Cases in the USA
h
ttps://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html
CDC- NIOSH-approved N95 Particulate filtering facepiece respirators
Coleman, J. (March 22, 2020) Cuomo calls on the federal government to order companies to manufacture medical supplies.The Hill.com
https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/public-global-health/488882-cuomo-requests-federal-
government-order-companies-to
DOH- D
epartment of Health – New York City - Daily Data Summary – COVID19 NYC – March 31, 2020
DOH- Department of Health – NY State - NY county by county breakdown of positive Novel CV cases – NY State
John Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Center – World data on Coronavirus pandemic
h
ttps://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
Kanno-Youngs, Z and A. Sawnson (March 31,2020) Wartime Production Law Has Been Used Routinely, but Not With Coronavirus,  NYTimes
NY Governor A. Cuomo Press Conference – March 22, 2020
NY Governor Cuomo Press Conference requesting Fed. Government to nationalize medical supply chain – Albany briefing – March 22, 2020
NY Governor A. Cuomo Press conference – March 30, 2020
Rascoe, A. (March 25,2020) Trump Resists Using Wartime Law To Get, Distribute Coronavirus Supplies--  NPR (National Public Radio)
Trump, D.J. (March 27, 2020) Memorandum on Order Under the Defense Production Act Regarding General Motors Company